Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference.
{
  "record": {
    "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
    "title": "Gamaredon Group",
    "type": "IntrusionSet",
    "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047",
    "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "status": "active",
    "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
    "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
    "stix_id": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
    "external_id": "G0047",
    "domain": "enterprise",
    "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:09.849Z",
    "modified": "2026-10-01T23:37:12.271Z",
    "version": "3.4",
    "aliases": [
      "Gamaredon Group",
      "IRON TILDEN",
      "Primitive Bear",
      "ACTINIUM",
      "Armageddon",
      "Shuckworm",
      "DEV-0157",
      "Aqua Blizzard",
      "NastyShrew"
    ],
    "tactics": [

    ],
    "source_references": [
      {
        "source_name": "Cloudflare 2026 Threat Report New Threat Actors March 2026",
        "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/2026-threat-report/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "NastyShrew"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "ACTINIUM"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "DEV-0157"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Aqua Blizzard"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Gamaredon Group"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "IRON TILDEN"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Armageddon"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Shuckworm"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Primitive Bear"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
        "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
        "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
        "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023",
        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
        "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile",
        "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
        "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Bleepingcomputer Gamardeon FSB November 2021",
        "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ukraine-links-members-of-gamaredon-hacker-group-to-russian-fsb/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
        "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assertions": [
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--09677a24-20ac-4983-a97f-f1b54282b609",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--09677a24-20ac-4983-a97f-f1b54282b609",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.240Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--09f8f0a2-a94f-466e-af4f-cf29ca6794c7",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1583.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--09f8f0a2-a94f-466e-af4f-cf29ca6794c7",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.261Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Huntio_GamaredonFlux_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://hunt.io/blog/state-sponsored-activity-gamaredon-shadowpad"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--0e2c026d-042b-4ccb-b2d1-8ca6308ea506",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--0e2c026d-042b-4ccb-b2d1-8ca6308ea506",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:52.786Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--109bbda3-f97a-4067-81d6-ed635f251282",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1534",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--109bbda3-f97a-4067-81d6-ed635f251282",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.310Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--12e24dfb-3b4c-4244-90c9-2f9675dc6eaa",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1047",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--12e24dfb-3b4c-4244-90c9-2f9675dc6eaa",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.323Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--15025556-2b38-40de-98a0-e231a16a7949",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1095",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--15025556-2b38-40de-98a0-e231a16a7949",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:53.593Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--16b915ff-7bf5-4032-b39a-9c8073847d77",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1083",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--16b915ff-7bf5-4032-b39a-9c8073847d77",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.365Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--1b91f271-feb7-4abe-b1c1-ffee0bceedfd",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1091",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--1b91f271-feb7-4abe-b1c1-ffee0bceedfd",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.376Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--1de5c5fb-ba73-446b-8596-225cb5bcb611",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1119",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--1de5c5fb-ba73-446b-8596-225cb5bcb611",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.391Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--1e049e66-14ce-46d5-8af1-d93ea35f4aec",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1036.005",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--1e049e66-14ce-46d5-8af1-d93ea35f4aec",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.406Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--2278eb19-1ff4-4406-ab79-03108732330c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.004",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--2278eb19-1ff4-4406-ab79-03108732330c",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.424Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--253b56a5-232f-44bc-af4d-85ccc12a0577",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1105",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--253b56a5-232f-44bc-af4d-85ccc12a0577",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:59.013Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--27bf147a-1e8b-481d-8910-3af3e64aa18c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--27bf147a-1e8b-481d-8910-3af3e64aa18c",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.453Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--28c17b23-901c-46d5-84f2-544401f68d83",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.016",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--28c17b23-901c-46d5-84f2-544401f68d83",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.467Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--29e9bfd8-e2d3-4e25-8683-6605d99538de",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1218.011",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--29e9bfd8-e2d3-4e25-8683-6605d99538de",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.481Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--3151bdb1-baa0-4098-ac1c-a98cc72d0a84",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0686",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--3151bdb1-baa0-4098-ac1c-a98cc72d0a84",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.494Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--35624bc2-caf0-4124-88e8-6f60ae52ed9c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1566.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--35624bc2-caf0-4124-88e8-6f60ae52ed9c",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.509Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile",
          "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SilentPush_GamaredonFastFlux_Sept2023",
          "url": "https://www.silentpush.com/blog/from-russia-with-a-71/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--36112f24-7814-4c75-b5b7-a1205bb28b68",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1082",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--36112f24-7814-4c75-b5b7-a1205bb28b68",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.525Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--3a6022ea-7647-4d61-8103-dd354d8dfd4d",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1059.005",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--3a6022ea-7647-4d61-8103-dd354d8dfd4d",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.537Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile",
          "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--3a9117f6-9244-4d09-a69b-43afbb4d2998",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1113",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--3a9117f6-9244-4d09-a69b-43afbb4d2998",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.549Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--3db3a6a7-5fa4-4a66-86b6-5df1732a8e96",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1518.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--3db3a6a7-5fa4-4a66-86b6-5df1732a8e96",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.557Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--430afd29-f2c0-43d3-b7bf-e7a549960254",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1005",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--430afd29-f2c0-43d3-b7bf-e7a549960254",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.572Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--4716b9ec-a0d4-47db-a901-5a3b67d9e096",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1039",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--4716b9ec-a0d4-47db-a901-5a3b67d9e096",
      "modified": "2026-09-02T18:26:03.060Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--4973197d-b2b7-4da2-ad4f-245beca0b389",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1608.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--4973197d-b2b7-4da2-ad4f-245beca0b389",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.611Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--4cb3f85c-491a-4f5d-a85a-b3f2791b697e",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--4cb3f85c-491a-4f5d-a85a-b3f2791b697e",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.629Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--4f33536d-eb06-4eba-8765-4379e399f3b8",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0147",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--4f33536d-eb06-4eba-8765-4379e399f3b8",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.647Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile",
          "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--524d0765-bef8-4146-b218-aa8a20719348",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1102.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--524d0765-bef8-4146-b218-aa8a20719348",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:48.964Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--5edb6931-3262-40a9-acce-3016ac4153d4",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1112",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--5edb6931-3262-40a9-acce-3016ac4153d4",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.687Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--5fc69974-db3b-4475-b37b-07c4731b1a6f",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1016.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--5fc69974-db3b-4475-b37b-07c4731b1a6f",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.702Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--605484fa-0a3e-48df-b5bb-9ff0a35593fc",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1620",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--605484fa-0a3e-48df-b5bb-9ff0a35593fc",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.715Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--69513daf-2acd-4b04-a7be-9f31174a2ae9",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1559.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--69513daf-2acd-4b04-a7be-9f31174a2ae9",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.731Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--749a620d-a87e-45b7-a9f6-8fa926320c59",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1012",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--749a620d-a87e-45b7-a9f6-8fa926320c59",
      "modified": "2026-10-01T23:35:36.847Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--788e8246-d835-42c6-b8b4-7efad31e4a84",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1025",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--788e8246-d835-42c6-b8b4-7efad31e4a84",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.763Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--7c7b3761-80ff-4469-ad5b-9cc9a26078db",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0332",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--7c7b3761-80ff-4469-ad5b-9cc9a26078db",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.775Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--7cabf1a6-5ad3-4c5d-83e8-161d49e082ac",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1221",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--7cabf1a6-5ad3-4c5d-83e8-161d49e082ac",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.786Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Proofpoint RTF Injection",
          "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/injection-new-black-novel-rtf-template-inject-technique-poised-widespread"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile",
          "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--7da2fa27-ae11-4955-9dff-b2e2d24d6548",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1685",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--7da2fa27-ae11-4955-9dff-b2e2d24d6548",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.800Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--86bcc5c3-456e-4bac-a419-54f54af80325",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1140",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--86bcc5c3-456e-4bac-a419-54f54af80325",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.811Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9730ebe6-78b7-4dbf-93f4-add720033985",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1204.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9730ebe6-78b7-4dbf-93f4-add720033985",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.822Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9b2ff8c9-3811-4615-a0c7-d79a14b7ade6",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1080",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9b2ff8c9-3811-4615-a0c7-d79a14b7ade6",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.833Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9c51f7a2-346b-4ef9-ade0-ac2c5c845c27",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1106",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9c51f7a2-346b-4ef9-ade0-ac2c5c845c27",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.844Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9f41dd16-b4c0-445d-b298-5a56621dfcf1",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1583.006",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9f41dd16-b4c0-445d-b298-5a56621dfcf1",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.858Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--a2e09ef2-2511-476b-8759-264843b4d772",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1561.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--a2e09ef2-2511-476b-8759-264843b4d772",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.869Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--a5ffea60-7694-48cd-92e9-b755669b2fdb",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1033",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--a5ffea60-7694-48cd-92e9-b755669b2fdb",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.881Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--a7c7a560-9ad7-4c8e-b147-00d8a4c06fe2",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1587.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--a7c7a560-9ad7-4c8e-b147-00d8a4c06fe2",
      "modified": "2026-08-27T14:17:15.068Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Huntio_GamaredonFlux_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://hunt.io/blog/state-sponsored-activity-gamaredon-shadowpad"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--a987bd4f-dcb3-4fa8-8ca3-b76cfea921f6",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1564.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--a987bd4f-dcb3-4fa8-8ca3-b76cfea921f6",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.908Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--ad3eb297-d989-492a-9969-031444e0ccc6",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.012",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--ad3eb297-d989-492a-9969-031444e0ccc6",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.922Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--bda5489b-7735-4793-8816-fc2238f6957f",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1070.004",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--bda5489b-7735-4793-8816-fc2238f6957f",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.935Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c14a954c-5d6d-4f29-8542-934e0fa5e9d3",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1059.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c14a954c-5d6d-4f29-8542-934e0fa5e9d3",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.947Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c308ceda-6c7c-4f7f-847b-e64f992d0104",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1571",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c308ceda-6c7c-4f7f-847b-e64f992d0104",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:58.052Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c4cced3e-4a44-48e0-a299-63a03c63b598",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1588.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c4cced3e-4a44-48e0-a299-63a03c63b598",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.968Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c623d41f-3af0-4e3a-bf4f-8550bec85b37",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1020",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c623d41f-3af0-4e3a-bf4f-8550bec85b37",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.979Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c63c7dc5-e374-4bf0-9839-0f940ac6d46c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1071.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c63c7dc5-e374-4bf0-9839-0f940ac6d46c",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:47:03.494Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--ccdab928-86cd-4e6d-b477-0ec156f6105a",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1583.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--ccdab928-86cd-4e6d-b477-0ec156f6105a",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.006Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--cf344f67-2bd0-400d-a90f-eb216761a192",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--cf344f67-2bd0-400d-a90f-eb216761a192",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.016Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Huntio_GamaredonFlux_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://hunt.io/blog/state-sponsored-activity-gamaredon-shadowpad"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SilentPush_GamaredonFastFlux_Sept2023",
          "url": "https://www.silentpush.com/blog/from-russia-with-a-71/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--cfe83f83-f0d8-4e17-a396-5571189910fa",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1055",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--cfe83f83-f0d8-4e17-a396-5571189910fa",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.026Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d30d8fa0-7f24-41e5-ae8d-e4449e88d2f0",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1120",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d30d8fa0-7f24-41e5-ae8d-e4449e88d2f0",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.036Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d361058d-a11b-470d-bed8-44bfd8e50393",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1041",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d361058d-a11b-470d-bed8-44bfd8e50393",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:47:01.575Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d57d2087-dfcf-40d4-904a-27907c321545",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1090.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d57d2087-dfcf-40d4-904a-27907c321545",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.059Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d65c9c85-2206-46c0-b55b-4fe2bd022c41",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1053.005",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d65c9c85-2206-46c0-b55b-4fe2bd022c41",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.075Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d77885d0-46e0-47b7-9cc2-6a396c570b12",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0097",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d77885d0-46e0-47b7-9cc2-6a396c570b12",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.094Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--db221583-6145-4b65-8eb8-f5e59b1c9e59",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0075",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--db221583-6145-4b65-8eb8-f5e59b1c9e59",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.104Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--dd84b767-1623-421b-8f31-048924be5f17",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--dd84b767-1623-421b-8f31-048924be5f17",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.117Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--dfe4c167-8e69-4b15-912f-ccd437674423",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1057",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--dfe4c167-8e69-4b15-912f-ccd437674423",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.127Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--e17c193a-d616-42d3-9525-940f3424c96c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.010",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--e17c193a-d616-42d3-9525-940f3424c96c",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.137Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--e1b5c306-3f7a-4d69-b30f-450b9054679a",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0685",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--e1b5c306-3f7a-4d69-b30f-450b9054679a",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.147Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--e84791af-7bdb-4fe9-8e03-7a10a154c9a4",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1204.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--e84791af-7bdb-4fe9-8e03-7a10a154c9a4",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.157Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Actinium February 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile",
          "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--eb77b635-6f00-4975-b36e-63c7a5c48e3c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--eb77b635-6f00-4975-b36e-63c7a5c48e3c",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.170Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--eb8f0f7c-a37f-4c73-8c75-50d650ae5960",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1090",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--eb8f0f7c-a37f-4c73-8c75-50d650ae5960",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:28:08.956Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f2d0fd0d-7bfc-4f3e-bd78-2d691c476046",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--f2d0fd0d-7bfc-4f3e-bd78-2d691c476046",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.185Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f523a64f-7c27-4c23-a35d-c56b4bcce8be",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1480",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
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      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.193Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025",
          "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f62632c0-cddf-40ba-bba0-647b5c523606",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1102.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--f62632c0-cddf-40ba-bba0-647b5c523606",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:54.475Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f73df541-6b55-42d1-aec3-53660fda1508",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1059.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--f73df541-6b55-42d1-aec3-53660fda1508",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.208Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
          "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021",
          "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f76be4ac-f342-4904-b50d-06e28b878011",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1218.005",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--f76be4ac-f342-4904-b50d-06e28b878011",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.215Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon Sept2024",
          "url": "https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/white-papers/cyberespionage-gamaredon-way.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Symantec Shuckworm January 2022",
          "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "SymantecCarbonBlack_ShuckwormUSB_Apr2025",
          "url": "https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-ukraine-gammasteel"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "unit42_gamaredon_dec2022",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/trident-ursa/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--f78a5009-59ec-4ae2-89a0-44b8be49a140",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1137",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--f78a5009-59ec-4ae2-89a0-44b8be49a140",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.223Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
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      "id": "enterprise:relationship--fa7887c3-d49d-4499-9ee4-f9a504ce7dec",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1102",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--fa7887c3-d49d-4499-9ee4-f9a504ce7dec",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:57.436Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--fea46319-ea16-4e74-a2a7-b41b148413bf",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1497.001",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--fea46319-ea16-4e74-a2a7-b41b148413bf",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:48.237Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SilentPush_GamaredonFastFlux_Sept2023",
          "url": "https://www.silentpush.com/blog/from-russia-with-a-71/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    }
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    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
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  "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt",
  "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
}

License
-------
The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,
development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce
MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.

"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation."

Disclaimers
-----------
MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part
of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover
full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or
variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.

ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE
ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,
AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT
THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.