{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","title":"APT39","type":"IntrusionSet","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","external_id":"G0087","domain":"enterprise","created":"2019-02-19T16:01:38.585Z","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:52.580Z","version":"3.2","aliases":["APT39","ITG07","Chafer","Remix Kitten"],"tactics":[],"source_references":[{"source_name":"Remix Kitten"},{"source_name":"ITG07"},{"source_name":"APT39"},{"source_name":"Chafer"},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf"},{"source_name":"Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020","url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127"},{"source_name":"DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-and-partner-departments-and-agencies-conduct-coordinated-actions-disrupt"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/iran-ups-its-traditional-cyber-espionage-tradecraft/d/d-id/1333764"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer Dec 2015","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--02caaeff-7429-444f-bac2-498fe3a73cfd","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1046","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--02caaeff-7429-444f-bac2-498fe3a73cfd","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:52.938Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--05509bce-dc88-4cc9-8c39-40549cbc8603","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0590","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--05509bce-dc88-4cc9-8c39-40549cbc8603","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:52.960Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0574a456-6327-4f07-94b0-58be6ecbf8b8","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0574a456-6327-4f07-94b0-58be6ecbf8b8","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:52.988Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--073aff0c-1dd2-40f4-87da-d90809f3418a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1090.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--073aff0c-1dd2-40f4-87da-d90809f3418a","modified":"2026-09-08T20:29:08.565Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--089eeb46-323e-410b-a27b-dc5ff4467c40","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1140","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--089eeb46-323e-410b-a27b-dc5ff4467c40","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.049Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0ddcf163-015f-46a2-8de7-375712d92bae","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0ddcf163-015f-46a2-8de7-375712d92bae","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.068Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0e4c55fc-a923-4c05-89ce-3102620a41d7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0e4c55fc-a923-4c05-89ce-3102620a41d7","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.090Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0f50a4e4-6ceb-4ead-88ed-147592e0b398","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1059.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0f50a4e4-6ceb-4ead-88ed-147592e0b398","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.106Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0f81e969-dfc4-4d37-8664-59c31bd7116c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1115","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0f81e969-dfc4-4d37-8664-59c31bd7116c","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.124Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0f93a49a-11c8-49d8-9b58-e7136e6bc850","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1003","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0f93a49a-11c8-49d8-9b58-e7136e6bc850","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.145Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--16ee08e8-a66a-4022-a322-148eeaf71771","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1553.006","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--16ee08e8-a66a-4022-a322-148eeaf71771","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.168Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--19785182-3304-4954-9545-30560d159ae2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1546.010","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--19785182-3304-4954-9545-30560d159ae2","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.184Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--21d94923-38bb-489d-bc6a-23e03fef7b91","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0459","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--21d94923-38bb-489d-bc6a-23e03fef7b91","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.205Z","references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-python-based-payload-mechaflounder-used-by-chafer/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--25557d9f-bfa0-4da7-8352-ab56b82b475b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1547.009","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--25557d9f-bfa0-4da7-8352-ab56b82b475b","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.233Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--2a37ddb3-56ef-4c2d-bec7-d6060eb0215a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0375","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--2a37ddb3-56ef-4c2d-bec7-d6060eb0215a","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.254Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer Dec 2015","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets"},{"source_name":"Securelist Remexi Jan 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--307e732c-c407-4466-951b-38062bb5e32b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1135","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--307e732c-c407-4466-951b-38062bb5e32b","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.279Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--364be248-6fa2-42a2-847b-35e6f43fd06d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1569.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--364be248-6fa2-42a2-847b-35e6f43fd06d","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.304Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--37fee9dc-701e-49be-8cec-b2fde4b533d8","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0488","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--37fee9dc-701e-49be-8cec-b2fde4b533d8","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.319Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--38cf696a-f98d-4b32-a9f1-0183bd78b6d2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.013","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--38cf696a-f98d-4b32-a9f1-0183bd78b6d2","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.340Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3b1a912a-9854-428f-9dde-bd2100c554d8","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0006","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3b1a912a-9854-428f-9dde-bd2100c554d8","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.365Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3e91f49c-5342-49d8-8105-7ab17c5ef9f4","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1588.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3e91f49c-5342-49d8-8105-7ab17c5ef9f4","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.380Z","references":[{"source_name":"IBM ITG07 June 2019","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/observations-of-itg07-cyber-operations/"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--42ddce39-b653-4466-b7ff-a9554029f1c6","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--42ddce39-b653-4466-b7ff-a9554029f1c6","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.398Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--439344c5-67e0-4d38-9b91-866392e5e232","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1033","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--439344c5-67e0-4d38-9b91-866392e5e232","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.422Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer Dec 2015","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--47b76f42-e305-4aac-a1cc-d7cb84b1d8bf","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--47b76f42-e305-4aac-a1cc-d7cb84b1d8bf","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.437Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/iran-ups-its-traditional-cyber-espionage-tradecraft/d/d-id/1333764"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4bc2e50e-0753-497f-9ec0-af270abe2af1","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4bc2e50e-0753-497f-9ec0-af270abe2af1","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.459Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4c5f4c95-2eca-4f8d-8e7e-16f0bb323b07","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1041","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4c5f4c95-2eca-4f8d-8e7e-16f0bb323b07","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:58.723Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4e50db0c-4e54-4266-b675-3b279ec45427","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1204.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4e50db0c-4e54-4266-b675-3b279ec45427","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.522Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4ecf2ecd-ae5a-417b-a6a7-9690fb83a282","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4ecf2ecd-ae5a-417b-a6a7-9690fb83a282","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.547Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/iran-ups-its-traditional-cyber-espionage-tradecraft/d/d-id/1333764"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--54d5380e-07a4-49b0-8ffd-c34428c90bbe","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1053.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--54d5380e-07a4-49b0-8ffd-c34428c90bbe","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.574Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--58a1976b-122d-41df-ae40-b66826ad8f4f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1070.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--58a1976b-122d-41df-ae40-b66826ad8f4f","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.602Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5b875be8-3849-46e2-80cb-dec502f78f52","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1102.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5b875be8-3849-46e2-80cb-dec502f78f52","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:50.470Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5d4ba3fe-d782-47e4-ad82-0b81142a5e1a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1560.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5d4ba3fe-d782-47e4-ad82-0b81142a5e1a","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.645Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5e2b2df2-e54f-44b5-bd86-fefdae513bc2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0454","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5e2b2df2-e54f-44b5-bd86-fefdae513bc2","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.662Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer Dec 2015","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5fea62e7-67f8-4ff2-875d-a48393f99135","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1505.003","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5fea62e7-67f8-4ff2-875d-a48393f99135","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.683Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--60f1cf34-8c60-47b7-ba9a-88c2575006f9","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1105","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--60f1cf34-8c60-47b7-ba9a-88c2575006f9","modified":"2026-09-03T19:47:01.850Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--66e8d05b-6f51-461d-aec0-266970064939","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0029","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--66e8d05b-6f51-461d-aec0-266970064939","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.726Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6b9c3bc4-8805-4074-9a0c-ef3d4c69656c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1059.010","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6b9c3bc4-8805-4074-9a0c-ef3d4c69656c","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.741Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--77e0980c-de43-48a8-8df3-b924f8d91b51","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1204.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--77e0980c-de43-48a8-8df3-b924f8d91b51","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.756Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8b2af30a-523f-41fe-88c3-ab2ee15bdec5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1555","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8b2af30a-523f-41fe-88c3-ab2ee15bdec5","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.778Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--932beba4-bb6a-4174-abe3-353d2e39337c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1113","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--932beba4-bb6a-4174-abe3-353d2e39337c","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.792Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--948eaafc-3440-43f3-b9e4-39eb77197d72","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1003.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--948eaafc-3440-43f3-b9e4-39eb77197d72","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.811Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--964233cc-fa6c-4754-9684-6546eb6d5a4a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1018","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--964233cc-fa6c-4754-9684-6546eb6d5a4a","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.832Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9a66e38c-ea79-4b7b-bf74-555da87d58c3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1071.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9a66e38c-ea79-4b7b-bf74-555da87d58c3","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:51.755Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9cc2f27e-bf85-4471-8be5-0cf614cd5840","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0073","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9cc2f27e-bf85-4471-8be5-0cf614cd5840","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.875Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a1c62ce5-2f11-415f-bca1-c9021530c090","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1059","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a1c62ce5-2f11-415f-bca1-c9021530c090","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.891Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a538c673-e7f2-4fd0-923e-d874a3f3d363","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1074.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a538c673-e7f2-4fd0-923e-d874a3f3d363","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.907Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ba65edc3-e0ef-477f-92c8-ffa2e2a943c5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1083","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ba65edc3-e0ef-477f-92c8-ffa2e2a943c5","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.920Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c3cef083-71f7-46ed-85c1-0b44ac24b85e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1012","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c3cef083-71f7-46ed-85c1-0b44ac24b85e","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.935Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c4a566d6-69ce-4284-809d-433663e3e2fa","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1110","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c4a566d6-69ce-4284-809d-433663e3e2fa","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.964Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c6b51e0c-d6a8-4815-b1fe-fb065ac0bcaa","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1197","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c6b51e0c-d6a8-4815-b1fe-fb065ac0bcaa","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.983Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c6f11dfe-dd59-4310-9619-ed42ee48d736","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1136.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c6f11dfe-dd59-4310-9619-ed42ee48d736","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.005Z","references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c906ddd0-e3fb-42ad-84cb-84ca093ddbb2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1059.006","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c906ddd0-e3fb-42ad-84cb-84ca093ddbb2","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.027Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d741a245-42ea-4bd4-bfb5-5687981e46b3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0095","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d741a245-42ea-4bd4-bfb5-5687981e46b3","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.043Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d7a244fa-f52c-4e54-9088-6f9ccda8b2b9","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1036.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d7a244fa-f52c-4e54-9088-6f9ccda8b2b9","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.063Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d9dce15d-68d8-46af-a7ec-354bf5093c49","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1071.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d9dce15d-68d8-46af-a7ec-354bf5093c49","modified":"2026-09-03T19:47:03.877Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e2ebd73f-9198-49c7-b446-00478a466e78","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1090.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e2ebd73f-9198-49c7-b446-00478a466e78","modified":"2026-09-08T20:28:43.740Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ea230e17-d23a-4a11-b2f9-358eeeea4ea3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1078","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ea230e17-d23a-4a11-b2f9-358eeeea4ea3","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.116Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f11ab582-8ea8-4ed7-9b1e-2b31dce390da","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1056","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f11ab582-8ea8-4ed7-9b1e-2b31dce390da","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.134Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f5cd03ce-93e0-4458-ba90-ca3926bb41b9","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1566.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f5cd03ce-93e0-4458-ba90-ca3926bb41b9","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.152Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f60a3a4e-ba53-47ba-8e31-e301f3983f6e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1566.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f60a3a4e-ba53-47ba-8e31-e301f3983f6e","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.173Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"},{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--fa82d7c2-bdc5-4945-9d59-5b40eb9a7454","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--fa82d7c2-bdc5-4945-9d59-5b40eb9a7454","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.196Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--fab9f76e-570c-4235-8045-dec89714d435","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1190","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--fab9f76e-570c-4235-8045-dec89714d435","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.223Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--fd6bd6fd-4a75-4094-ac67-bc14cb6b44bb","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1059.005","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--fd6bd6fd-4a75-4094-ac67-bc14cb6b44bb","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.249Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--fe8bc44b-805d-440c-a447-96091033439d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0087","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.004","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--fe8bc44b-805d-440c-a447-96091033439d","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:54.264Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}