Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference.
{
  "record": {
    "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
    "title": "ngrok",
    "type": "Software",
    "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508",
    "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "status": "active",
    "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
    "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
    "stix_id": "tool--2f7f03bb-f367-4a5a-ad9b-310a12a48906",
    "external_id": "S0508",
    "domain": "enterprise",
    "created": "2023-09-14T18:56:34.771Z",
    "modified": "2025-10-16T19:37:56.911Z",
    "version": "1.4",
    "aliases": [

    ],
    "tactics": [

    ],
    "source_references": [
      {
        "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018",
        "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Cyware Ngrok May 2019",
        "url": "https://cyware.com/news/cyber-attackers-leverage-tunneling-service-to-drop-lokibot-onto-victims-systems-6f610e44"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211003035156/https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "FireEye Maze May 2020",
        "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assertions": [
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--392d928f-a05b-42d3-9294-bc0f074a30b2",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0049",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--392d928f-a05b-42d3-9294-bc0f074a30b2",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:35.329Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Trend Micro Earth Simnavaz October 2024",
          "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/j/earth-simnavaz-cyberattacks.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--3e16f380-633b-4d27-9249-9bcf25717f5a",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1090",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--3e16f380-633b-4d27-9249-9bcf25717f5a",
      "modified": "2026-09-08T20:28:08.286Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018",
          "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/02/fraudsters-cloak-credit-card-skimmer-with-fake-content-delivery-network-ngrok-server/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--899555f4-8eb6-4685-89b4-06358bbc4e73",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:C0058",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--899555f4-8eb6-4685-89b4-06358bbc4e73",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:18.565Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft SharePoint Exploit JUL 2025",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/07/22/disrupting-active-exploitation-of-on-premises-sharepoint-vulnerabilities/#storm-2603"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--8c273532-e27f-4424-a369-5373ce3652b9",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1567",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--8c273532-e27f-4424-a369-5373ce3652b9",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.116Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/02/fraudsters-cloak-credit-card-skimmer-with-fake-content-delivery-network-ngrok-server/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9b88e4d5-7a81-4167-95b3-63b10d88ea29",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1003",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9b88e4d5-7a81-4167-95b3-63b10d88ea29",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:13.298Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/06/14/cadet-blizzard-emerges-as-a-novel-and-distinct-russian-threat-actor/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--a24aad94-40e4-43a4-b2a4-ed8bfd412dcb",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1015",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--a24aad94-40e4-43a4-b2a4-ed8bfd412dcb",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:34.367Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CrowdStrike Scattered Spider JUL 2025",
          "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/crowdstrike-services-observes-scattered-spider-escalate-attacks/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Check Point Scattered Spider JUL 2025",
          "url": "https://blog.checkpoint.com/research/exposing-scattered-spider-new-indicators-highlight-growing-threat-to-enterprises-and-aviation/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "CISA Scattered Spider Advisory November 2023",
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-320a"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--aa962ede-f581-49c2-ade1-ed2eb91ed8ac",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--aa962ede-f581-49c2-ade1-ed2eb91ed8ac",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.157Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018",
          "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--b110013b-35e5-470e-9e17-470c7071fa80",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1102",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--b110013b-35e5-470e-9e17-470c7071fa80",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:56.211Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018",
          "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--b3a2df5e-af39-4129-a63c-7dee0e5986bb",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0140",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--b3a2df5e-af39-4129-a63c-7dee0e5986bb",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:13.587Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211003035156/https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--ca56b2a6-39a7-4449-9017-fa8ce4285ed5",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1572",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--ca56b2a6-39a7-4449-9017-fa8ce4285ed5",
      "modified": "2026-09-03T19:46:56.443Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Trend Micro Ngrok September 2020",
          "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/analysis-of-a-convoluted-attack-chain-involving-ngrok.html"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Cyware Ngrok May 2019",
          "url": "https://cyware.com/news/cyber-attackers-leverage-tunneling-service-to-drop-lokibot-onto-victims-systems-6f610e44"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "FireEye Maze May 2020",
          "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020",
          "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/02/fraudsters-cloak-credit-card-skimmer-with-fake-content-delivery-network-ngrok-server/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d18f30d7-deca-457c-b993-c87843ae3bab",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0117",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d18f30d7-deca-457c-b993-c87843ae3bab",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:17.659Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020",
          "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    }
  ],
  "source_snapshot": {
    "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "sha256": "81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352",
    "bytes": 55271014,
    "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"
  },
  "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt",
  "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
}

License
-------
The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,
development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce
MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.

"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation."

Disclaimers
-----------
MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part
of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover
full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or
variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.

ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE
ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,
AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT
THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.