{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","title":"Remote Services","type":"Technique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--54a649ff-439a-41a4-9856-8d144a2551ba","external_id":"T1021","domain":"enterprise","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:29.858Z","modified":"2025-10-24T17:48:48.472Z","version":"1.6","aliases":[],"tactics":["lateral-movement"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"Apple Remote Desktop Admin Guide 3.3","url":"https://images.apple.com/remotedesktop/pdf/ARD_Admin_Guide_v3.3.pdf"},{"source_name":"Remote Management MDM macOS","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209161"},{"source_name":"Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201710"},{"source_name":"Lockboxx ARD 2019","url":"http://lockboxx.blogspot.com/2019/07/macos-red-teaming-206-ard-apple-remote.html"},{"source_name":"FireEye 2019 Apple Remote Desktop","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/leveraging-apple-remote-desktop-for-good-and-evil.html"},{"source_name":"TechNet Remote Desktop Services","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx"},{"source_name":"Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing","url":"https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins"},{"source_name":"SSH Secure Shell","url":"https://www.ssh.com/ssh"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--1be5193d-55e6-42ab-90ff-3ff73693848f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0064","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--1be5193d-55e6-42ab-90ff-3ff73693848f","modified":"2026-09-23T22:43:08.791Z","references":[{"source_name":"AI-Mexico-Govt-Breach","url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/69944dd945f20ca4a27a7c47/69d8bb5aea59e31efb3b8a7f_Tech_Report_ai_breach_mex_gov.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--22e8b7b4-7e5f-45a8-a935-c4cc7da638f2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.006","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--22e8b7b4-7e5f-45a8-a935-c4cc7da638f2","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.952Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3a062b27-636e-4164-9156-65631d140765","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1035","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3a062b27-636e-4164-9156-65631d140765","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.999Z","references":[{"source_name":"Sygnia ESXi Ransomware 2024","url":"https://www.sygnia.co/blog/esxi-ransomware-attacks/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4340d15d-5577-4b4e-8e5b-570b9ab3a147","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0102","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4340d15d-5577-4b4e-8e5b-570b9ab3a147","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:50.114Z","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant FIN12 Oct 2021","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220313061955/https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2021-10/fin12-group-profile.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--47acf59d-7476-4794-b359-747da52f196c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.005","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--47acf59d-7476-4794-b359-747da52f196c","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.023Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5071c70a-5aa8-4534-8cc4-676192728151","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.002","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5071c70a-5aa8-4534-8cc4-676192728151","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.035Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6a076d46-bd2f-4572-b993-36b4c1fb25d3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1016","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6a076d46-bd2f-4572-b993-36b4c1fb25d3","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.069Z","references":[{"source_name":"ESET DazzleSpy Jan 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/01/25/watering-hole-deploys-new-macos-malware-dazzlespy-asia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6da682e8-f3e0-41ed-95f2-c268c686abd1","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1047","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6da682e8-f3e0-41ed-95f2-c268c686abd1","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.074Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7097c7b2-9266-4659-955b-38214d5ada8c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.007","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7097c7b2-9266-4659-955b-38214d5ada8c","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.079Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--795ca238-c8cf-4735-98cc-593f1cc59b16","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1018","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--795ca238-c8cf-4735-98cc-593f1cc59b16","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.091Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8787d75b-9c28-437d-b6b5-93d2d7e8462e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.001","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8787d75b-9c28-437d-b6b5-93d2d7e8462e","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.110Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--950c7be9-c84d-4543-9f3b-71eae9019fe4","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.003","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--950c7be9-c84d-4543-9f3b-71eae9019fe4","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.128Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9a340fa8-70c5-4bf6-a8c2-6e28e3fc8b59","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1063","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9a340fa8-70c5-4bf6-a8c2-6e28e3fc8b59","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.135Z","references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/brute-ratel-c4-tool/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a51ea812-182b-47d8-94c2-331e4d9973f5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0437","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a51ea812-182b-47d8-94c2-331e4d9973f5","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.150Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--b3cf2464-2602-4a88-8e7a-dda56eff05ff","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1042","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--b3cf2464-2602-4a88-8e7a-dda56eff05ff","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.171Z","references":[{"source_name":"Google Cloud Threat Intelligence ESXi Hardening 2023","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vmware-detection-containment-hardening"},{"source_name":"Broadcom ESXi Lockdown Mode","url":"https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article/336894/enabling-or-disabling-lockdown-mode-on-a.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--cadbc1b1-aa69-4120-982e-cb306143d759","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0143","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--cadbc1b1-aa69-4120-982e-cb306143d759","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:59.544Z","references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike HuntReport 2022","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/2022OverWatchThreatHuntingReport.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--cc1f7b0c-a443-46ee-b9d6-b7ecb9ead9fa","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.008","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--cc1f7b0c-a443-46ee-b9d6-b7ecb9ead9fa","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.204Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--df3c4e4d-9766-4673-ab1f-2210ecc50764","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0603","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--df3c4e4d-9766-4673-ab1f-2210ecc50764","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.230Z","references":[{"source_name":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011","url":"https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/security-response-w32-stuxnet-dossier-11-en"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--df529a76-525d-4a35-a9d2-48ec41f71459","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1032","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--df529a76-525d-4a35-a9d2-48ec41f71459","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.230Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e7240735-0936-49b9-a4ff-16cb0aa06e07","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1003","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e7240735-0936-49b9-a4ff-16cb0aa06e07","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:13.692Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/06/14/cadet-blizzard-emerges-as-a-novel-and-distinct-russian-threat-actor/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ed9cb2bb-5c45-45f1-a0d5-4458609a5ab5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1027","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ed9cb2bb-5c45-45f1-a0d5-4458609a5ab5","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.248Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f8c320cc-97f5-4b3a-8847-92c42b6a48b7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021.004","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1021","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f8c320cc-97f5-4b3a-8847-92c42b6a48b7","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.263Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}