Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference. { "record": { "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "title": "Compression", "type": "Subtechnique", "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "status": "active", "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads", "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending", "stix_id": "attack-pattern--fbd91bfc-75c2-4f0c-8116-3b4e722906b3", "external_id": "T1027.015", "domain": "enterprise", "created": "2025-03-04T18:29:33.850Z", "modified": "2026-05-12T15:12:00.726Z", "version": "2.0", "aliases": [ ], "tactics": [ "stealth" ], "source_references": [ { "source_name": "Perception Point", "url": "https://perception-point.io/blog/evasive-concatenated-zip-trojan-targets-windows-users/" }, { "source_name": "NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021", "url": "https://insight-jp.nttsecurity.com/post/102hf3q/flagpro-the-new-malware-used-by-blacktech" }, { "source_name": "The Hacker News", "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2023/04/hackers-using-self-extracting-archives.html" }, { "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020", "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/" } ] }, "assertions": [ { "id": "enterprise:relationship--0b1d3aa7-eae6-4ab3-89ca-e4771696975e", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1049", "predicate": "mitigates", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--0b1d3aa7-eae6-4ab3-89ca-e4771696975e", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.918Z", "references": [ ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--1927ea49-6d20-49d3-abf2-95e9122bf332", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0453", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--1927ea49-6d20-49d3-abf2-95e9122bf332", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.939Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016", "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--2a3a4c9d-36d5-42c9-9375-063772d70e88", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0673", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--2a3a4c9d-36d5-42c9-9375-063772d70e88", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.962Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220629230035/https://www.prevailion.com/darkwatchman-new-fileless-techniques/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--34935ccb-b800-4c24-81de-4923ccd7c4ec", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0499", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--34935ccb-b800-4c24-81de-4923ccd7c4ec", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.989Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "FireEye Hancitor", "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/09/hancitor_aka_chanit.html" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--349f297f-48bf-4105-b92c-960c56aaaacf", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0148", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--349f297f-48bf-4105-b92c-960c56aaaacf", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.990Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/" }, { "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--383a50af-eeeb-40e5-b4df-8a1a9c5baa69", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0021", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--383a50af-eeeb-40e5-b4df-8a1a9c5baa69", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:23.615Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019", "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--3a178815-48c8-41e6-814c-43d7f9a6fd17", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1188", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--3a178815-48c8-41e6-814c-43d7f9a6fd17", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.999Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Cisco ArcaneDoor 2024", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/arcanedoor-new-espionage-focused-campaign-found-targeting-perimeter-network-devices/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--3d63e19a-2b2b-4b00-834e-c7d6d5d1f8bb", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0027", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--3d63e19a-2b2b-4b00-834e-c7d6d5d1f8bb", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:28.672Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/" }, { "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018", "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/" }, { "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018", "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--3fa093ed-9fd6-4ef7-b17e-d8429a76938a", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1050", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--3fa093ed-9fd6-4ef7-b17e-d8429a76938a", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.012Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020", "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/379/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-Chinese-APT.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--4778b88c-f184-4889-b39c-90fa78e08df5", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1055", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--4778b88c-f184-4889-b39c-90fa78e08df5", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:25.496Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "FBI IC3 Flash VOID MANTICORE Handala Hack March 2026", "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/CSA/2026/260320.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--4ab2dd12-fdad-42e5-9dbb-495e85ae4644", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S9059", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--4ab2dd12-fdad-42e5-9dbb-495e85ae4644", "modified": "2026-09-28T18:41:39.486Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Mandiant_UNC1549_Feb2024", "url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/suspected-iranian-unc1549-targets-israel-middle-east" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--4cb3f85c-491a-4f5d-a85a-b3f2791b697e", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0047", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--4cb3f85c-491a-4f5d-a85a-b3f2791b697e", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:47.629Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "VenereCiscoTalos_Gamaredon_Mar2025", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/gamaredon-campaign-distribute-remcos/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--5123b96d-ad7e-43e5-8de6-88bcd47b1ddb", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1228", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--5123b96d-ad7e-43e5-8de6-88bcd47b1ddb", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.036Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Lab52 MUSTANG PANDA PUBLOAD MAY 2023", "url": "https://lab52.io/blog/new-mustang-pandas-campaing-against-australia/" }, { "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks, Unit 42", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/stately-taurus-uses-bookworm-malware/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--534ab21f-c155-46fd-85d0-19eb6b39aa2c", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0082", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--534ab21f-c155-46fd-85d0-19eb6b39aa2c", "modified": "2026-09-30T20:10:55.555Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Microsoft Sapphire Sleet APR 2026", "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/04/16/dissecting-sapphire-sleets-macos-intrusion-from-lure-to-compromise/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--536d2d4b-e700-4353-9cfa-bacf25512225", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0517", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--536d2d4b-e700-4353-9cfa-bacf25512225", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.039Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020", "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--5cfa0496-c016-4d5c-ba4a-044d1aecc00d", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0466", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--5cfa0496-c016-4d5c-ba4a-044d1aecc00d", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.052Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019", "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--61162be6-8e6d-4a0c-8334-079161389b0d", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S9020", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--61162be6-8e6d-4a0c-8334-079161389b0d", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.057Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Kaspersky LODEINFO OCT 2022", "url": "https://securelist.com/apt10-tracking-down-lodeinfo-2022-part-i/107742/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--7522bc84-384e-497f-8898-196283ba5ec1", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1183", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--7522bc84-384e-497f-8898-196283ba5ec1", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.085Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "PaloAlto StrelaStealer 2024", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/strelastealer-campaign/" }, { "source_name": "Fortgale StrelaStealer 2023", "url": "https://fortgale.com/blog/malware-analysis/strelastealer-malware-analysis-2/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--765d5200-ec1b-401f-a92a-83ed31fed493", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S9053", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--765d5200-ec1b-401f-a92a-83ed31fed493", "modified": "2026-10-01T21:00:35.897Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "CheckPoint_NimbusManticoreEurope_Sept2025", "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2025/nimbus-manticore-deploys-new-malware-targeting-europe/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--7c9d93d6-c50a-4f6c-8b1d-965ebbdcc268", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0559", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--7c9d93d6-c50a-4f6c-8b1d-965ebbdcc268", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.096Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020", "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--82aad8b4-2a6d-4977-8110-9463222de8aa", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0665", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--82aad8b4-2a6d-4977-8110-9463222de8aa", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.104Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021", "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--83069106-073a-4cd9-8b37-b101ed60f3ff", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1099", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--83069106-073a-4cd9-8b37-b101ed60f3ff", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.104Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Kaspersky ToddyCat June 2022", "url": "https://securelist.com/toddycat/106799/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--90a36ef9-cee8-4f4d-b81e-7cd6d2cca174", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0141", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--90a36ef9-cee8-4f4d-b81e-7cd6d2cca174", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.122Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Novetta Winnti April 2015", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150412223949/http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--92f9a003-2bd1-482e-bf0f-7ee7760a43a8", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "predicate": "subtechnique-of", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--92f9a003-2bd1-482e-bf0f-7ee7760a43a8", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.125Z", "references": [ ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--93efb013-dab0-4b47-ac2c-0632ac2fea18", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0664", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--93efb013-dab0-4b47-ac2c-0632ac2fea18", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.127Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--940e8f94-a0bf-43e9-b2e8-53dd9a3f0e6e", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1081", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--940e8f94-a0bf-43e9-b2e8-53dd9a3f0e6e", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.127Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "BitDefender BADHATCH Mar 2021", "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/394/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-BADHATCH-creat5237-en-EN.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--9881b1e3-93fa-4af0-8848-69f7fe478b2f", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0126", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--9881b1e3-93fa-4af0-8848-69f7fe478b2f", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:56.735Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020", "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/" }, { "source_name": "Zscaler Higaisa 2020", "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--a2acfa7e-4ba4-42e0-ae13-068c17d7d7fa", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0697", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--a2acfa7e-4ba4-42e0-ae13-068c17d7d7fa", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.146Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Qualys Hermetic Wiper March 2022", "url": "https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2022/03/01/ukrainian-targets-hit-by-hermeticwiper-new-datawiper-malware" }, { "source_name": "Symantec Ukraine Wipers February 2022", "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/ukraine-wiper-malware-russia" }, { "source_name": "Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022", "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-crowdstrike-falcon-protects-against-wiper-malware-used-in-ukraine-attacks/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--b057569e-0e0b-4e8e-9955-016a556b8248", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0444", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--b057569e-0e0b-4e8e-9955-016a556b8248", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.166Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang", "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--b31e0e76-0239-41fc-a9a8-7c62b00510e1", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0662", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--b31e0e76-0239-41fc-a9a8-7c62b00510e1", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.170Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020", "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--b86ea4c6-4f1d-4f52-9191-28d3d4d610f7", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0585", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--b86ea4c6-4f1d-4f52-9191-28d3d4d610f7", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.177Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Unit 42 KerrDown February 2019", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tracking-oceanlotus-new-downloader-kerrdown/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--bdc8d4d8-c0be-4de3-853b-512c6ccb2dcb", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0695", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--bdc8d4d8-c0be-4de3-853b-512c6ccb2dcb", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.185Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Donut Github", "url": "https://github.com/TheWover/donut" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--c1873784-f0d9-48f4-a9de-4bd1ec5038be", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1018", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--c1873784-f0d9-48f4-a9de-4bd1ec5038be", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:55.571Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Cisco Operation Layover September 2021", "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/operation-layover-how-we-tracked-attack/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--c67a1234-2bb9-429f-8605-793ac03bd3bf", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0103", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--c67a1234-2bb9-429f-8605-793ac03bd3bf", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:06.644Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang", "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--d82eb228-1ec2-4be8-911d-99847916cbb7", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0094", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--d82eb228-1ec2-4be8-911d-99847916cbb7", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:25.520Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Gen Digital Kimsuky HTTPTroy October 2025", "url": "https://www.gendigital.com/blog/insights/research/dprk-kimsuky-lazarus-analysis" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--d88f8b58-2adb-4e8a-9adb-e51cbf88d4ab", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0090", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--d88f8b58-2adb-4e8a-9adb-e51cbf88d4ab", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:52.568Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Check Point Wirte NOV 2024", "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/hamas-affiliated-threat-actor-expands-to-disruptive-activity/" }, { "source_name": "Palo Alto Ashen Lepus DEC 2025", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hamas-affiliate-ashen-lepus-uses-new-malware-suite-ashtag/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--d90871a8-1d79-4c9f-99c4-852d5f584392", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1100", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--d90871a8-1d79-4c9f-99c4-852d5f584392", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.221Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Kaspersky ToddyCat June 2022", "url": "https://securelist.com/toddycat/106799/" }, { "source_name": "Kaspersky ToddyCat Check Logs October 2023", "url": "https://securelist.com/toddycat-keep-calm-and-check-logs/110696/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--e3189323-c5f2-46c4-8912-36a09f3317ad", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0065", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--e3189323-c5f2-46c4-8912-36a09f3317ad", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:38.468Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017", "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--e46d31bf-23d8-4464-96e8-aee04f745921", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0666", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--e46d31bf-23d8-4464-96e8-aee04f745921", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.236Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "ESET Gelsemium June 2021", "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eset_gelsemium.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--f59a5bb3-372a-4242-928d-fa8ba2b0c710", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1059", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--f59a5bb3-372a-4242-928d-fa8ba2b0c710", "modified": "2026-10-01T19:27:21.614Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "CheckPoint_NimbusManticoreEurope_Sept2025", "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2025/nimbus-manticore-deploys-new-malware-targeting-europe/" }, { "source_name": "CheckPoint_NimbusManticore_May2026", "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/fast-and-furious-nimbus-manticore-operations-during-the-iranian-conflict/" }, { "source_name": "Mandiant_UNC1549_Feb2024", "url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/suspected-iranian-unc1549-targets-israel-middle-east" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--fe462e52-3e5e-498b-a247-3124a69ae9aa", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S9052", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--fe462e52-3e5e-498b-a247-3124a69ae9aa", "modified": "2026-09-24T18:41:00.849Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "CheckPoint_NimbusManticore_May2026", "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/fast-and-furious-nimbus-manticore-operations-during-the-iranian-conflict/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--ff138201-bc3e-4a79-acbf-17b18e50d0fc", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1124", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1027.015", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--ff138201-bc3e-4a79-acbf-17b18e50d0fc", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.271Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Red Canary SocGholish March 2024", "url": "https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/socgholish/" }, { "source_name": "Secureworks Gold Prelude Profile", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-prelude" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 } ], "source_snapshot": { "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "sha256": "81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352", "bytes": 55271014, "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z" }, "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt", "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n" } License ------- The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research, development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy. "© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation." Disclaimers ----------- MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK. ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.