{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","title":"Additional Email Delegate Permissions","type":"Subtechnique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306","external_id":"T1098.002","domain":"enterprise","created":"2020-01-19T16:54:28.516Z","modified":"2025-10-24T17:49:32.801Z","version":"2.2","aliases":[],"tactics":["persistence","privilege-escalation"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019","url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/shmoocon-2019-becs-and-beyond-investigating-and-defending-office-365/128744511"},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Hiding in Plain Sight 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hiding-in-plain-sight-using-the-office-365-activities-api-to-investigate-business-email-compromises/"},{"source_name":"Google Ensuring Your Information is Safe","url":"https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/ensuring-your-information-is-safe.html"},{"source_name":"Gmail Delegation","url":"https://support.google.com/a/answer/7223765?hl=en"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT35 2018","url":"https://static.carahsoft.com/concrete/files/1015/2779/3571/M-Trends-2018-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Mandiant Defend UNC2452 White Paper","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/remediation-and-hardening-strategies-for-microsoft-365-to-defend-against-unc2452"},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Add-MailboxPermission","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/mailboxes/add-mailboxpermission?view=exchange-ps"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--39d843d6-a08f-4167-9b4a-25e36533b4be","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0038","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--39d843d6-a08f-4167-9b4a-25e36533b4be","modified":"2026-07-31T21:13:11.029Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Albanian Government Attacks September 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/09/08/microsoft-investigates-iranian-attacks-against-the-albanian-government/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4b0b60ee-2ee8-4de0-868f-ae4c85e131ff","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0024","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4b0b60ee-2ee8-4de0-868f-ae4c85e131ff","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:26.558Z","references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/"},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/10/25/nobelium-targeting-delegated-administrative-privileges-to-facilitate-broader-attacks/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--53c22ca9-b02f-4a45-adc6-cf7763a2c6a9","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1026","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--53c22ca9-b02f-4a45-adc6-cf7763a2c6a9","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.039Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6e743193-6a74-422a-bdea-c0d4abbf9ad9","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6e743193-6a74-422a-bdea-c0d4abbf9ad9","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.075Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7e636340-8b64-4913-be75-a8e62f68fc91","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0059","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7e636340-8b64-4913-be75-a8e62f68fc91","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:28.721Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT35 2018","url":"https://static.carahsoft.com/concrete/files/1015/2779/3571/M-Trends-2018-Report.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c75b8dfa-5980-4686-9d74-b0c92ce60274","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0007","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c75b8dfa-5980-4686-9d74-b0c92ce60274","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:45.096Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d9fca287-fe50-43f8-bf6d-da6751ef8009","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0016","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d9fca287-fe50-43f8-bf6d-da6751ef8009","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:09.087Z","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant APT29 Microsoft 365 2022","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/apt29-continues-targeting-microsoft"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT29 Eye Spy Email Nov 22","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/unc3524-eye-spy-email"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e65ad45a-4862-4455-8d3c-454eb78deaeb","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1032","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e65ad45a-4862-4455-8d3c-454eb78deaeb","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.238Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f212430d-160e-4676-b541-8a7cb818fe6f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1042","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1098.002","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f212430d-160e-4676-b541-8a7cb818fe6f","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.254Z","references":[{"source_name":"Gmail Delegation","url":"https://support.google.com/a/answer/7223765?hl=en"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}