Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference.
{
  "record": {
    "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
    "title": "Email Forwarding Rule",
    "type": "Subtechnique",
    "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003",
    "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "status": "active",
    "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
    "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
    "stix_id": "attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0",
    "external_id": "T1114.003",
    "domain": "enterprise",
    "created": "2020-02-19T18:54:47.103Z",
    "modified": "2025-10-24T17:49:00.920Z",
    "version": "1.4",
    "aliases": [

    ],
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "source_references": [
      {
        "source_name": "Mac Forwarding Rules",
        "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/reply-to-forward-or-redirect-emails-mlhlp1010/mac"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules",
        "url": "https://blog.compass-security.com/2018/09/hidden-inbox-rules-in-microsoft-exchange/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2",
        "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Microsoft Mail Flow Rules 2023",
        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/security-and-compliance/mail-flow-rules/mail-flow-rules"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018",
        "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assertions": [
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--1251a031-96c4-4188-8bb3-15e02979d61e",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1015",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--1251a031-96c4-4188-8bb3-15e02979d61e",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:34.077Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CrowdStrike Scattered Spider JUL 2025",
          "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/crowdstrike-services-observes-scattered-spider-escalate-attacks/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--38b2c8da-e69e-4e17-8ba9-c967d7af3a0a",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1042",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--38b2c8da-e69e-4e17-8ba9-c967d7af3a0a",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.997Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft BEC Campaign",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/14/behind-the-scenes-of-business-email-compromise-using-cross-domain-threat-data-to-disrupt-a-large-bec-infrastructure/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--636ec213-31ce-4e0a-863c-8add1cae68c3",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "predicate": "subtechnique-of",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--636ec213-31ce-4e0a-863c-8add1cae68c3",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.060Z",
      "references": [

      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--67f029d5-c44b-446b-9efe-0e0e0d85192a",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0122",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--67f029d5-c44b-446b-9efe-0e0e0d85192a",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:09.212Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--7647807e-71b6-41e4-b0aa-f23e68b411cd",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1004",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--7647807e-71b6-41e4-b0aa-f23e68b411cd",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:49.400Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "MSTIC DEV-0537 Mar 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/03/22/dev-0537-criminal-actor-targeting-organizations-for-data-exfiltration-and-destruction/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--9e134214-4cb2-438b-9306-22e7d1ea80fe",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1041",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--9e134214-4cb2-438b-9306-22e7d1ea80fe",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.141Z",
      "references": [

      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--cd1a91ea-4b59-4352-b902-941fbec64f29",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1047",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--cd1a91ea-4b59-4352-b902-941fbec64f29",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.206Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules",
          "url": "https://blog.compass-security.com/2018/09/hidden-inbox-rules-in-microsoft-exchange/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2",
          "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Manage Mail Flow Rules 2023",
          "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/security-and-compliance/mail-flow-rules/manage-mail-flow-rules"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Get-InboxRule",
          "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/get-inboxrule?view=exchange-ps"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d53397d8-02c7-4d31-a512-8b0226e38d6e",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1033",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d53397d8-02c7-4d31-a512-8b0226e38d6e",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:42.732Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CISA Star Blizzard Advisory December 2023",
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-341a"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Microsoft Star Blizzard August 2022",
          "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/08/15/disrupting-seaborgiums-ongoing-phishing-operations/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--e8523d2e-2552-4d14-8980-dde0923c803d",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0094",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--e8523d2e-2552-4d14-8980-dde0923c803d",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:25.598Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
          "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--e8c2ee5b-293a-443d-be23-76a8cb8a8f3f",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1060",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1114.003",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--e8c2ee5b-293a-443d-be23-76a8cb8a8f3f",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.242Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "TrustedSec OOB Communications",
          "url": "https://trustedsec.com/blog/to-oob-or-not-to-oob-why-out-of-band-communications-are-essential-for-incident-response"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    }
  ],
  "source_snapshot": {
    "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "sha256": "81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352",
    "bytes": 55271014,
    "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"
  },
  "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt",
  "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
}

License
-------
The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,
development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce
MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.

"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation."

Disclaimers
-----------
MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part
of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover
full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or
variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.

ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE
ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,
AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT
THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.