{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","title":"Exploitation for Client Execution","type":"Technique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","external_id":"T1203","domain":"enterprise","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","modified":"2025-10-24T17:49:18.695Z","version":"1.5","aliases":[],"tactics":["execution"],"source_references":[]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0841fe7b-657e-47e9-b4c9-ec812043a41c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0121","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0841fe7b-657e-47e9-b4c9-ec812043a41c","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:51.645Z","references":[{"source_name":"ATT Sidewinder January 2021","url":"https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf"},{"source_name":"Cyble Sidewinder September 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0e1a58e9-06e9-4ad5-8445-4068e240e3d7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1031","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0e1a58e9-06e9-4ad5-8445-4068e240e3d7","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:00.220Z","references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Unit 42 OutSteel SaintBot February 2022 ","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ukraine-targeted-outsteel-saintbot/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--1b3f3de6-364e-443f-8b34-62073c801a5b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0007","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--1b3f3de6-364e-443f-8b34-62073c801a5b","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:44.456Z","references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--1b9b061b-5ead-45f3-b4cc-30d8427b0649","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0027","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--1b9b061b-5ead-45f3-b4cc-30d8427b0649","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:28.481Z","references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--216e5287-2cea-4bd0-b109-24b205f848b3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0331","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--216e5287-2cea-4bd0-b109-24b205f848b3","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.951Z","references":[{"source_name":"SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--2311db5c-218f-44f8-aa50-3e8322b79081","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0034","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--2311db5c-218f-44f8-aa50-3e8322b79081","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:32.691Z","references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Sandworm November 2013","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs-detects-zero-day-exploit-targeting-microsoft-office-2"},{"source_name":"iSight Sandworm Oct 2014","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160503234007/https:/www.isightpartners.com/2014/10/cve-2014-4114/"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Sandworm October 2014","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/an-analysis-of-windows-zero-day-vulnerability-cve-2014-4114-aka-sandworm/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--2ecdcdb3-6aa2-4888-921f-e9506ebbd00c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0035","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--2ecdcdb3-6aa2-4888-921f-e9506ebbd00c","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:28.419Z","references":[{"source_name":"Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021","url":"https://vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2021-Slowik.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--2f5d9a23-5360-479c-b6dc-f9827bb6b353","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0138","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--2f5d9a23-5360-479c-b6dc-f9827bb6b353","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:50.692Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro New Andariel Tactics July 2018","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/g/new-andariel-reconnaissance-tactics-hint-at-next-targets.html"},{"source_name":"FSI Andariel Campaign Rifle July 2017","url":"https://fsiceat.tistory.com/2"},{"source_name":"IssueMakersLab Andariel GoldenAxe May 2017","url":"http://www.issuemakerslab.com/research3/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--314a5160-17e0-44eb-9f4b-1a8e216b56a2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0239","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--314a5160-17e0-44eb-9f4b-1a8e216b56a2","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.980Z","references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Bankshot","url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3d1c88d6-f390-4e05-ba1c-c6ea59f5fe22","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1050","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3d1c88d6-f390-4e05-ba1c-c6ea59f5fe22","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.008Z","references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Moving Beyond EMET","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/"},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3e93955a-ad40-4e94-b2c6-7676a18571f7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1154","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3e93955a-ad40-4e94-b2c6-7676a18571f7","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.010Z","references":[{"source_name":"Lumen Versa 2024","url":"https://blog.lumen.com/taking-the-crossroads-the-versa-director-zero-day-exploitation/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--49315e80-2d47-432f-8e5f-3a694a91bb45","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0089","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--49315e80-2d47-432f-8e5f-3a694a91bb45","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:59.848Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018","url":"https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4f195e59-5f23-45d9-b48e-d0d0a0152b72","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1011","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4f195e59-5f23-45d9-b48e-d0d0a0152b72","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:38.715Z","references":[{"source_name":"Google EXOTIC LILY March 2022","url":"https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/exposing-initial-access-broker-ties-conti/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5a0ce8c4-e941-4bd0-8e70-6ca440a29b9d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0032","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5a0ce8c4-e941-4bd0-8e70-6ca440a29b9d","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:46.732Z","references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Bankshot","url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5ca1f5dc-9573-46bb-a9db-fb83cd15b272","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0016","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5ca1f5dc-9573-46bb-a9db-fb83cd15b272","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:08.043Z","references":[{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"},{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-further-TTPs-associated-with-SVR-cyber-actors.pdf"},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/27/new-sophisticated-email-based-attack-from-nobelium/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6236226c-b950-4baf-a1f6-1c956ae04613","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1207","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6236226c-b950-4baf-a1f6-1c956ae04613","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.059Z","references":[{"source_name":"Netskope XLoader 2022","url":"https://www.netskope.com/blog/new-formbook-campaign-delivered-through-phishing-emails"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--630900fe-588f-44af-8f46-f722c503b6fd","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1057","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--630900fe-588f-44af-8f46-f722c503b6fd","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:58.776Z","references":[{"source_name":"Intel471_SH_Aug2021","url":"https://www.intel471.com/blog/shinyhunters-data-breach-mitre-attack"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--66a14eeb-a6a0-4614-8224-7f238b3a83da","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0098","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--66a14eeb-a6a0-4614-8224-7f238b3a83da","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:01.701Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--66cadf3d-bfb7-4b75-a659-06b3cb1bbd37","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0396","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--66cadf3d-bfb7-4b75-a659-06b3cb1bbd37","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.065Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6706d89e-27dd-48bb-ae0b-db51e07cbc91","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0341","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6706d89e-27dd-48bb-ae0b-db51e07cbc91","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.065Z","references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/new-multi-platform-xbash-packs-obfuscation-ransomware-coinminer-worm-and-botnet"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6b8761f0-fd7d-45da-971a-b3883e77fcc5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0578","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6b8761f0-fd7d-45da-971a-b3883e77fcc5","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.071Z","references":[{"source_name":"Carnegie Mellon University Supernova Dec 2020","url":"https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/843464"},{"source_name":"Splunk Supernova Jan 2021","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/detecting-supernova-malware-solarwinds-continued.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--718b8ec5-a10a-46e1-96e2-14ceb3835b1e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0142","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--718b8ec5-a10a-46e1-96e2-14ceb3835b1e","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:37.578Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Confucius APT Feb 2018","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/b/deciphering-confucius-cyberespionage-operations.html"},{"source_name":"Uptycs Confucius APT Jan 2021","url":"https://www.uptycs.com/blog/confucius-apt-deploys-warzone-rat"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--74316a28-d1a6-40b8-8c49-836f06e90e02","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0040","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--74316a28-d1a6-40b8-8c49-836f06e90e02","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:26.332Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cymmetria Patchwork","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180825085952/https:/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"},{"source_name":"Symantec Patchwork","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/"},{"source_name":"Securelist Dropping Elephant","url":"https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/"},{"source_name":"PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"},{"source_name":"Volexity Patchwork June 2018","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--75b6869c-dd4e-44ec-8614-97fe792e9dd6","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0005","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--75b6869c-dd4e-44ec-8614-97fe792e9dd6","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:18.120Z","references":[{"source_name":"Moran 2014","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro IXESHE 2012","url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_ixeshe.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--767ac715-7f6e-4bde-9112-2876102f8a2f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0056","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--767ac715-7f6e-4bde-9112-2876102f8a2f","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:20.108Z","references":[{"source_name":"Juniper RedPenguin MAR 2025","url":"https://supportportal.juniper.net/sfc/servlet.shepherd/document/download/069Dp00000FzdmIIAR?operationContext=S1"},{"source_name":"Mandiant UNC3886 Juniper Routers MAR 2025","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/china-nexus-espionage-targets-juniper-routers"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--76a3097b-808d-45a9-aa81-dce5ed6a45d3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0458","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--76a3097b-808d-45a9-aa81-dce5ed6a45d3","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.087Z","references":[{"source_name":"Eset Ramsay May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/"},{"source_name":"Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020","url":"https://www.programmersought.com/article/62493896999/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7ab16f65-9be6-46ec-8c2c-96f58e089df0","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0001","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7ab16f65-9be6-46ec-8c2c-96f58e089df0","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:12.364Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cisco Group 72","url":"http://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/threat-spotlight-group-72"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7b053a36-de7d-476b-bc06-6d712432d615","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0126","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7b053a36-de7d-476b-bc06-6d712432d615","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:56.656Z","references":[{"source_name":"PTSecurity Higaisa 2020","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7dd876da-7f2b-4bdb-9cc1-424dd53dd6cd","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0001","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7dd876da-7f2b-4bdb-9cc1-424dd53dd6cd","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:19.185Z","references":[{"source_name":"Talos Frankenstein June 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7ec2b835-9c82-4a0a-9730-5f4b87e233f4","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0080","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7ec2b835-9c82-4a0a-9730-5f4b87e233f4","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:23.111Z","references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018","url":"https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/"},{"source_name":"RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190508170630/https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/"},{"source_name":"RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190508170147/https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target"},{"source_name":"PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf"},{"source_name":"PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf"},{"source_name":"Talos Cobalt Group July 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8195cc4a-3415-49b9-9338-156b56ac0e30","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0374","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8195cc4a-3415-49b9-9338-156b56ac0e30","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.103Z","references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/speakup-a-new-undetected-backdoor-linux-trojan/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--829ec8ab-3e48-442b-beb2-b0d2dbdaaca0","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0065","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--829ec8ab-3e48-442b-beb2-b0d2dbdaaca0","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:38.278Z","references":[{"source_name":"Accenture MUDCARP March 2019","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210722005437/https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-96/Accenture-Security-MUDCARP.pdf"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"},{"source_name":"CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a"},{"source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--857b5ce3-0eb0-4dae-a034-42cfa306a447","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0067","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--857b5ce3-0eb0-4dae-a034-42cfa306a447","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:55.508Z","references":[{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT37 Feb 2018","url":"https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/apt37-reaper-the-overlooked-north-korean-actor.pdf"},{"source_name":"Talos Group123","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html"},{"source_name":"Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016","url":"https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8a9d92e5-e9b5-40bd-8cc4-c4cc5ed9fdd4","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0062","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8a9d92e5-e9b5-40bd-8cc4-c4cc5ed9fdd4","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:58.854Z","references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA459 April 2017","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8b2f18e7-8c3c-4d43-a2f9-53f87512f3a2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0129","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8b2f18e7-8c3c-4d43-a2f9-53f87512f3a2","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:52.839Z","references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-june-mustang-panda/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8b7be75b-ae8e-46c5-b59d-cb278f76f57a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1048","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8b7be75b-ae8e-46c5-b59d-cb278f76f57a","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:53.757Z","references":[{"source_name":"Google Cloud Mandiant UNC3886 2024","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/uncovering-unc3886-espionage-operations"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--8e8c23a5-ca50-4c40-992e-7bd1491077e7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0047","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--8e8c23a5-ca50-4c40-992e-7bd1491077e7","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:19.497Z","references":[{"source_name":"Recorded Future RedDelta 2025","url":"https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-cn-2025-0109.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--924c8549-a033-44f9-8823-64e95fe339e7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0022","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--924c8549-a033-44f9-8823-64e95fe339e7","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:38.034Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Wolf","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html"},{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Fox","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--935f9bb6-d38d-42d1-a764-6b5110ad5364","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0060","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--935f9bb6-d38d-42d1-a764-6b5110ad5364","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:10.697Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Tick Apr 2016","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--941a9634-bacb-4389-bb17-09212c937683","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1041","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--941a9634-bacb-4389-bb17-09212c937683","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:57.673Z","references":[{"source_name":"PWC Sea Turtle 2023","url":"https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/cybersecurity/cyber-threat-intelligence/tortoise-and-malwahare.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9553062d-2207-4990-b9d4-a29f75628bd5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0134","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9553062d-2207-4990-b9d4-a29f75628bd5","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:24.243Z","references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ad934b01-9c8c-42cd-8195-dc272c363208","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0081","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ad934b01-9c8c-42cd-8195-dc272c363208","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:57.459Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--af7d7ff9-c74e-48da-9e6d-029161746afd","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0131","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--af7d7ff9-c74e-48da-9e6d-029161746afd","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:18.951Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020","url":"https://vb2020.vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2020-06.pdf"},{"source_name":"Talos Bisonal Mar 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html"},{"source_name":"Talos Bisonal 10 Years March 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/cactuspete-apt-groups-updated-bisonal-backdoor/97962/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--b0601ad4-5d8d-4c86-8d0a-86fc2edadbc3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1007","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--b0601ad4-5d8d-4c86-8d0a-86fc2edadbc3","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:59.576Z","references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne Aoqin Dragon June 2022","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/aoqin-dragon-newly-discovered-chinese-linked-apt-has-been-quietly-spying-on-organizations-for-10-years/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--b0702a30-f680-4f9b-99c3-352ce2a9557a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0100","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--b0702a30-f680-4f9b-99c3-352ce2a9557a","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:25.279Z","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Inception Framework March 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Inception November 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--b07612e3-9f6f-4c55-a63d-629b0e4c099f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0391","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--b07612e3-9f6f-4c55-a63d-629b0e4c099f","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.166Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/government-in-central-asia-targeted-with-hawkball-backdoor.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--b12c9b3f-bff1-4c73-bb86-a9665948405c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0243","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--b12c9b3f-bff1-4c73-bb86-a9665948405c","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.167Z","references":[{"source_name":"Sofacy DealersChoice","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--bcbc885e-c1ae-4e69-a72c-22900403bae3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0096","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--bcbc885e-c1ae-4e69-a72c-22900403bae3","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:27.497Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2022-02/rt-apt41-dual-operation.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c837d369-bb16-464b-9cae-8eca38124c4e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0016","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c837d369-bb16-464b-9cae-8eca38124c4e","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:14.852Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cylance Dust Storm","url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c8f99f79-c0da-4767-8191-34cf2012b559","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1051","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c8f99f79-c0da-4767-8191-34cf2012b559","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.200Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d3f7e788-7479-41f7-8efc-35b8f2a914f4","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1003","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d3f7e788-7479-41f7-8efc-35b8f2a914f4","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:13.569Z","references":[{"source_name":"CISA GRU29155 2024","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-09/aa24-249a-russian-military-cyber-actors-target-us-and-global-critical-infrastructure.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d48a5068-7796-4c66-9ddf-eb6e8aaf6887","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1048","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d48a5068-7796-4c66-9ddf-eb6e8aaf6887","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.216Z","references":[{"source_name":"Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox","url":"https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2017/03/23/strengthening-microsoft-edge-sandbox/"},{"source_name":"Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape","url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d497a340-9b38-4b98-8fb6-1288519dc541","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1002","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d497a340-9b38-4b98-8fb6-1288519dc541","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:39.581Z","references":[{"source_name":"Forcepoint BITTER Pakistan Oct 2016","url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/blog/x-labs/bitter-targeted-attack-against-pakistan"},{"source_name":"Cisco Talos Bitter Bangladesh May 2022","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/05/bitter-apt-adds-bangladesh-to-their.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--dac35c07-4a4a-4924-a702-09e5cf988349","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1065","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--dac35c07-4a4a-4924-a702-09e5cf988349","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.224Z","references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes WoodyRAT Aug 2022","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/threat-intelligence/2022/08/woody-rat-a-new-feature-rich-malware-spotted-in-the-wild"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--de676fc0-0b1f-4392-a84b-f412c660d89a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0154","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--de676fc0-0b1f-4392-a84b-f412c660d89a","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.228Z","references":[{"source_name":"Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210219195905/https://talos-intelligence-site.s3.amazonaws.com/production/document_files/files/000/095/031/original/Talos_Cobalt_Strike.pdf"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e1269d18-6cc9-45cc-9c99-06f765bea366","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0066","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e1269d18-6cc9-45cc-9c99-06f765bea366","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:36.099Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http:/www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e1bcdc6c-771a-4606-b7f4-cdfbef5efc34","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0012","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e1bcdc6c-771a-4606-b7f4-cdfbef5efc34","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:12.099Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e2048373-fe76-4f99-8608-60eaa05d1b2b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0050","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e2048373-fe76-4f99-8608-60eaa05d1b2b","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:45.900Z","references":[{"source_name":"ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e3034eac-6009-4a94-b1e6-50a163b26045","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0049","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e3034eac-6009-4a94-b1e6-50a163b26045","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:35.939Z","references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Earth Simnavaz October 2024","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/j/earth-simnavaz-cyberattacks.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e4b036ec-b7d4-40a7-9a85-25423a1027c9","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0018","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e4b036ec-b7d4-40a7-9a85-25423a1027c9","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:39.674Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye admin@338","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e948752d-c4a1-4678-97e4-2bd11563115e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0064","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e948752d-c4a1-4678-97e4-2bd11563115e","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:53.321Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Elfin Mar 2019","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Holmium June 2020","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f57211b1-df3f-4f38-a1ce-7a4f3d1d7fe1","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0057","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f57211b1-df3f-4f38-a1ce-7a4f3d1d7fe1","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:22.927Z","references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant 3cx UNC4736 2023","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/3cx-software-supply-chain-compromise/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f5e6ce32-60e2-4a2c-8cc9-efb9d613a8e4","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0069","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f5e6ce32-60e2-4a2c-8cc9-efb9d613a8e4","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:30.307Z","references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--fa27f615-56c5-4089-bcda-657999868e53","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0260","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1203","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--fa27f615-56c5-4089-bcda-657999868e53","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.265Z","references":[{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}