{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","title":"Environmental Keying","type":"Subtechnique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/001","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995","external_id":"T1480.001","domain":"enterprise","created":"2020-06-23T22:28:28.041Z","modified":"2026-05-12T15:12:00.724Z","version":"2.0","aliases":[],"tactics":["stealth"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint Router Malvertising","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/home-routers-under-attack-malvertising-windows-android-devices"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/20134940/kaspersky-lab-gauss.pdf"},{"source_name":"EK Clueless Agents","url":"https://www.schneier.com/academic/paperfiles/paper-clueless-agents.pdf"},{"source_name":"EK Impeding Malware Analysis","url":"https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2721/3d206bc3c1e8c229fb4820b6af09e7f975da.pdf"},{"source_name":"Demiguise Guardrail Router Logo","url":"https://github.com/nccgroup/demiguise/blob/master/examples/virginkey.js"},{"source_name":"Environmental Keyed HTA","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20200608093807/https://www.nccgroup.com/uk/about-us/newsroom-and-events/blogs/2017/august/smuggling-hta-files-in-internet-exploreredge/"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0a06687e-7e1c-48f1-a3dc-23333f57f215","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1239","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0a06687e-7e1c-48f1-a3dc-23333f57f215","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.917Z","references":[{"source_name":"2025_IBM_PUBLOAD_TONESHELL_HIUPAN_CLAIMLOADER_MUSTANG PANDA","url":"https://www.ibm.com/think/x-force/hive0154-targeting-us-philippines-pakistan-taiwan"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Mustang Panda Earth Preta Toneshell February 2025","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/b/earth-preta-mixes-legitimate-and-malicious-components-to-sidestep-detection.html"},{"source_name":"2022 November_TrendMicro_Earth Preta_Toneshell_Pubload","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/k/earth-preta-spear-phishing-governments-worldwide.html"},{"source_name":"Zscaler","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/latest-mustang-panda-arsenal-toneshell-and-starproxy-p1"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3d661b40-6ebf-470f-a675-142f86b6c649","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0020","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3d661b40-6ebf-470f-a675-142f86b6c649","modified":"2026-07-31T18:48:10.710Z","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/20134940/kaspersky-lab-gauss.pdf"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Equation QA","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5212a108-111b-4467-84c9-933d2b84aad2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0096","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5212a108-111b-4467-84c9-933d2b84aad2","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:27.053Z","references":[{"source_name":"Twitter ItsReallyNick APT41 EK","url":"https://x.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1189622925286084609"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--78617eb0-f679-48ad-82ca-3a85d0f9371e","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0240","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--78617eb0-f679-48ad-82ca-3a85d0f9371e","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.089Z","references":[{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid RokRAT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/24/north-korean-bluelight-special-inkysquid-deploys-rokrat/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7e11a24f-8194-4d7c-884c-ef6390955b04","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1228","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7e11a24f-8194-4d7c-884c-ef6390955b04","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.098Z","references":[{"source_name":"2025_IBM_PUBLOAD_TONESHELL_HIUPAN_CLAIMLOADER_MUSTANG PANDA","url":"https://www.ibm.com/think/x-force/hive0154-targeting-us-philippines-pakistan-taiwan"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--81089e7a-66d8-49a4-9acc-f786c3cfb1a0","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1100","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--81089e7a-66d8-49a4-9acc-f786c3cfb1a0","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.102Z","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ToddyCat June 2022","url":"https://securelist.com/toddycat/106799/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--85cff8f7-2c44-4886-8b8c-efaac50d4596","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0260","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--85cff8f7-2c44-4886-8b8c-efaac50d4596","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.108Z","references":[{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9a513f75-f09b-4840-8654-521fa4ff59fa","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1055","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9a513f75-f09b-4840-8654-521fa4ff59fa","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.135Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d2468213-1073-43d0-bd10-020b23597a6f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d2468213-1073-43d0-bd10-020b23597a6f","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.213Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--dbe1b093-af31-4abd-999e-0e2bf1d0a4d5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1145","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--dbe1b093-af31-4abd-999e-0e2bf1d0a4d5","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.225Z","references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Pikabot 2023","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/technical-analysis-pikabot"},{"source_name":"Elastic Pikabot 2024","url":"https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/pikabot-i-choose-you"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--e8ddbb71-4b8e-44f1-a259-3801efc450b0","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0685","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--e8ddbb71-4b8e-44f1-a259-3801efc450b0","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.242Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Actinium February 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f74ed982-fc1d-4c6b-945c-52c5e8f13fce","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0141","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1480.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f74ed982-fc1d-4c6b-945c-52c5e8f13fce","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.261Z","references":[{"source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150412223949/http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}