{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","title":"Internal Defacement","type":"Subtechnique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--8c41090b-aa47-4331-986b-8c9a51a91103","external_id":"T1491.001","domain":"enterprise","created":"2020-02-20T14:31:34.778Z","modified":"2026-05-12T15:12:00.705Z","version":"1.2","aliases":[],"tactics":["impact"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"Varonis","url":"https://www.varonis.com/blog/vmware-esxi-in-the-line-of-ransomware-fire"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200515/https:/operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160226161828/https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--04b9d1e7-6deb-46f8-9fe3-9fb870ba8d72","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0332","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--04b9d1e7-6deb-46f8-9fe3-9fb870ba8d72","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.910Z","references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Remcos Campaign NOV 2024","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/new-campaign-uses-remcos-rat-to-exploit-victims"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--09677a24-20ac-4983-a97f-f1b54282b609","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0047","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--09677a24-20ac-4983-a97f-f1b54282b609","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:47.240Z","references":[{"source_name":"CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021","url":"https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0c7a59a3-fce4-4ffc-bbf2-3e3f110d7dea","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1178","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0c7a59a3-fce4-4ffc-bbf2-3e3f110d7dea","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.920Z","references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ShrinkLocker 2024","url":"https://securelist.com/ransomware-abuses-bitlocker/112643/"},{"source_name":"Splunk ShrinkLocker 2024","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/shrinklocker-malware-abusing-bitlocker-to-lock-your-data.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--19ed775b-d3cb-48ec-916a-c26e7539ccc6","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--19ed775b-d3cb-48ec-916a-c26e7539ccc6","modified":"2026-09-02T20:02:31.586Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--314719c9-a946-4630-a09c-d416b48f4c21","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1070","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--314719c9-a946-4630-a09c-d416b48f4c21","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:05.980Z","references":[{"source_name":"Avertium Black Basta June 2022","url":"https://www.avertium.com/resources/threat-reports/in-depth-look-at-black-basta-ransomware"},{"source_name":"BlackBerry Black Basta May 2022","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2022/05/black-basta-rebrand-of-conti-or-something-new"},{"source_name":"Check Point Black Basta October 2022","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2022/black-basta-and-the-unnoticed-delivery/"},{"source_name":"Cyble Black Basta May 2022","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220506143054/https://blog.cyble.com/2022/05/06/black-basta-ransomware/"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Networks Black Basta August 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-assessment-black-basta-ransomware"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Black Basta May 2022","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/e/examining-the-black-basta-ransomwares-infection-routine.html"},{"source_name":"NCC Group Black Basta June 2022","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2022/06/06/shining-the-light-on-black-basta/"},{"source_name":"Deep Instinct Black Basta August 2022","url":"https://www.deepinstinct.com/blog/black-basta-ransomware-threat-emergence"},{"source_name":"Minerva Labs Black Basta May 2022","url":"https://minerva-labs.com/blog/new-black-basta-ransomware-hijacks-windows-fax-service/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5410e6d1-1ec5-4cb9-9647-378f2266f774","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0659","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5410e6d1-1ec5-4cb9-9647-378f2266f774","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.040Z","references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Diavol July 2021","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/diavol-new-ransomware-used-by-wizard-spider"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--5cb87b1f-e909-49be-b508-0d315090a152","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S9030","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--5cb87b1f-e909-49be-b508-0d315090a152","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.052Z","references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Wirte NOV 2024","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/hamas-affiliated-threat-actor-expands-to-disruptive-activity/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6a02ffe3-2c0d-4d47-a10f-892797c568ea","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1043","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6a02ffe3-2c0d-4d47-a10f-892797c568ea","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:36.025Z","references":[{"source_name":"FBI BlackByte 2022","url":"https://www.ic3.gov/CSA/2022/220211.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--6c2f9c04-540f-4ea9-be8a-95ca1d6866cd","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1150","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--6c2f9c04-540f-4ea9-be8a-95ca1d6866cd","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.072Z","references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Albanian Government Attacks September 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/09/08/microsoft-investigates-iranian-attacks-against-the-albanian-government/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--77d97059-4280-41d0-8280-596a6e2b8ff8","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1053","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--77d97059-4280-41d0-8280-596a6e2b8ff8","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.089Z","references":[{"source_name":"Ready.gov IT DRP","url":"https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--78c0b480-23c1-4de7-867e-d4e9ef4c8df6","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0688","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--78c0b480-23c1-4de7-867e-d4e9ef4c8df6","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.090Z","references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Meteor Aug 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indra-hackers-behind-recent-attacks-on-iran/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--79904c38-8fb6-45e3-98f7-98856e08421f","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0032","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--79904c38-8fb6-45e3-98f7-98856e08421f","modified":"2026-07-31T20:48:46.850Z","references":[{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200515/https:/operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--9b48e1b5-e52b-44a2-9a8e-6e21126c3705","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1057","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--9b48e1b5-e52b-44a2-9a8e-6e21126c3705","modified":"2026-07-31T18:47:58.961Z","references":[{"source_name":"Google_SHOracle_Jun2026","url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/shinyhunters-targets-education-sector-oracle-exploit"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--aa990715-4a91-4eab-a1b6-ba8e013c5223","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1212","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--aa990715-4a91-4eab-a1b6-ba8e013c5223","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.157Z","references":[{"source_name":"CISA RansomHub AUG 2024","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-09/aa24-242a-stopransomware-ransomhub-ransomware_1.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--aaa5dc30-1195-4edd-881e-63934b9f8c4d","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S9051","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--aaa5dc30-1195-4edd-881e-63934b9f8c4d","modified":"2026-09-23T21:09:13.970Z","references":[{"source_name":"CheckPointResearch_TheGentlemen_April2026","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/dfir-report-the-gentlemen/"},{"source_name":"MSTI_GentelmenRansomware_May2026","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/05/28/the-gentlemen-ransomware-dissecting-a-self-propagating-go-encryptor/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--bec3259a-58d3-44a5-95c7-c8eb16427e85","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1068","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--bec3259a-58d3-44a5-95c7-c8eb16427e85","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.186Z","references":[{"source_name":"Sophos BlackCat Jul 2022","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2022/07/14/blackcat-ransomware-attacks-not-merely-a-byproduct-of-bad-luck/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft BlackCat Jun 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/06/13/the-many-lives-of-blackcat-ransomware/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f889a92b-6071-4b34-b799-782dff1798d1","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1242","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f889a92b-6071-4b34-b799-782dff1798d1","modified":"2026-04-29T14:23:06.263Z","references":[{"source_name":"Sophos Qilin MSP APR 2025","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2025/04/01/sophos-mdr-tracks-ongoing-campaign-by-qilin-affiliates-targeting-screenconnect/"},{"source_name":"Cisco Talos Qilin Ransomware OCT 2025","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/uncovering-qilin-attack-methods-exposed-through-multiple-cases/"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Agenda Ransomware OCT 2025","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/j/agenda-ransomware-deploys-linux-variant-on-windows-systems.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ffe4e161-2ebc-41da-b6e6-227cc6ead76c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1139","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.001","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ffe4e161-2ebc-41da-b6e6-227cc6ead76c","modified":"2026-06-12T19:52:54.218Z","references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD IONIC April 2024","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/gold-ionic-deploys-inc-ransomware"},{"source_name":"Cybereason INC Ransomware November 2023","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231202022946/https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/threat-alert-inc-ransomware.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}