Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference.
{
  "record": {
    "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
    "title": "Domain Generation Algorithms",
    "type": "Subtechnique",
    "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/002",
    "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "status": "active",
    "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
    "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
    "stix_id": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
    "external_id": "T1568.002",
    "domain": "enterprise",
    "created": "2020-03-10T17:44:59.787Z",
    "modified": "2026-05-12T15:12:00.621Z",
    "version": "1.2",
    "aliases": [

    ],
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "source_references": [
      {
        "source_name": "Elastic Predicting DGA",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00791.pdf"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017",
        "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017",
        "url": "http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/srd2017/2017PDF/d4.pdf"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
        "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity",
        "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Data Driven Security DGA",
        "url": "https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation",
        "url": "https://medium.com/@yvyuz/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms-a5b5dbdc1c6e"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA",
        "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/10/10/domain-generation-algorithms-effective/"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs",
        "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf"
      },
      {
        "source_name": "Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019",
        "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "assertions": [
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--17bfea1d-e3c8-4bf9-8102-576e7c87883e",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0456",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--17bfea1d-e3c8-4bf9-8102-576e7c87883e",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.937Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "CheckPoint Naikon May 2020",
          "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/naikon-apt-cyber-espionage-reloaded/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--1e624981-b765-41ac-a2dc-468ba07e3614",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1031",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--1e624981-b765-41ac-a2dc-468ba07e3614",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.946Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force",
          "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2015/02/18/at-high-noon-algorithms-do-battle/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation",
          "url": "https://medium.com/@yvyuz/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms-a5b5dbdc1c6e"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs",
          "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--1f8a573c-f602-4b81-a4b5-adf6bdbaeda3",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1087",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--1f8a573c-f602-4b81-a4b5-adf6bdbaeda3",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.947Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET MirrorFace 2025",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/eset-research/operation-akairyu-mirrorface-invites-europe-expo-2025-revives-anel-backdoor/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--24e3a295-5894-48e0-b1d8-3c6e3df4de18",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0650",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--24e3a295-5894-48e0-b1d8-3c6e3df4de18",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.956Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020",
          "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/ph/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/qakbot-resurges-spreads-through-vbs-files"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--26c10016-0df4-4dc0-a74b-4b0d51876965",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0600",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--26c10016-0df4-4dc0-a74b-4b0d51876965",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:05.958Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Intezer Doki July 20",
          "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--3a53c211-191a-4953-8fab-159077bb89f8",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "predicate": "subtechnique-of",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--3a53c211-191a-4953-8fab-159077bb89f8",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.000Z",
      "references": [

      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--430e71be-1fd2-4ff6-977d-bc4c8a7222e5",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0051",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--430e71be-1fd2-4ff6-977d-bc4c8a7222e5",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.017Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--489a8a76-4264-462f-be66-217e57d3e907",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0150",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--489a8a76-4264-462f-be66-217e57d3e907",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.024Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
          "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--6be9fb86-54b4-4979-95f8-c2a27cba785c",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0673",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--6be9fb86-54b4-4979-95f8-c2a27cba785c",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.072Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220629230035/https://www.prevailion.com/darkwatchman-new-fileless-techniques/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--7bfc7122-2dc2-4fd3-be98-2ab87ba4a530",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0360",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--7bfc7122-2dc2-4fd3-be98-2ab87ba4a530",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.095Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
          "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--83ecfa08-fca8-4217-9a54-5ffcd258dd41",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S9023",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--83ecfa08-fca8-4217-9a54-5ffcd258dd41",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.105Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET HiddenFace 2024",
          "url": "https://jsac.jpcert.or.jp/archive/2024/pdf/JSAC2024_2_8_Breitenbacher_en.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Trend Micro Earth Kasha Updates APR 2025",
          "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/d/earth-kasha-updates-ttps.html"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "JPCERT MirrorFace JUL 2024",
          "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2024/07/mirrorface-attack-against-japanese-organisations.html"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Trend Micro Earth Kasha NOV 2024",
          "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/k/lodeinfo-campaign-of-earth-kasha.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--8488f2ee-be97-458c-894b-830add635fa8",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0096",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--8488f2ee-be97-458c-894b-830add635fa8",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:27.238Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "FireEye APT41 Aug 2019",
          "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2022-02/rt-apt41-dual-operation.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--909147b8-d0f8-4222-b62c-10f1d8bec2ec",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1021",
      "predicate": "mitigates",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--909147b8-d0f8-4222-b62c-10f1d8bec2ec",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.122Z",
      "references": [

      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--93656c66-acfc-43b4-af66-bf328256b7b8",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0127",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--93656c66-acfc-43b4-af66-bf328256b7b8",
      "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:10.347Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
          "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN",
          "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--98339175-97d1-4a17-985f-914efffa2a4e",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0608",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--98339175-97d1-4a17-985f-914efffa2a4e",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.132Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "SANS Conficker",
          "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200125132645/https://www.sans.org/security-resources/malwarefaq/conficker-worm"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Trend Micro Conficker",
          "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/conficker"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--a72ce53b-311d-43f2-b145-784c322306c1",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0023",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--a72ce53b-311d-43f2-b145-784c322306c1",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.153Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--aa962ede-f581-49c2-ade1-ed2eb91ed8ac",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0508",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--aa962ede-f581-49c2-ade1-ed2eb91ed8ac",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.157Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018",
          "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--ab589bd1-49d3-422e-ac25-c24d2964b258",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0386",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--ab589bd1-49d3-422e-ac25-c24d2964b258",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.158Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016",
          "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--b4e22ba1-a639-4d70-896c-5f063dbdb049",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1015",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--b4e22ba1-a639-4d70-896c-5f063dbdb049",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.172Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Accenture Lyceum Targets November 2021",
          "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/iran-based-lyceum-campaigns"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--c4674c67-09ca-4ac2-8166-1b61c6e863ef",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0615",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--c4674c67-09ca-4ac2-8166-1b61c6e863ef",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.193Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020",
          "url": "https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--cd24838b-45b2-405d-b932-9ac49eca8d4a",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0222",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--cd24838b-45b2-405d-b932-9ac49eca8d4a",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.206Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017",
          "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--d2b70f03-3c52-4bf9-b545-7b912348f55e",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0531",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--d2b70f03-3c52-4bf9-b545-7b912348f55e",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.214Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020",
          "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--e9d51358-7606-4598-8185-8ad978e87d71",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0596",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--e9d51358-7606-4598-8185-8ad978e87d71",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.243Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "FireEye APT41 Aug 2019",
          "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2022-02/rt-apt41-dual-operation.pdf"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Securelist ShadowPad Aug 2017",
          "url": "https://securelist.com/shadowpad-in-corporate-networks/81432/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017",
          "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--ec60f1d2-2bb3-459d-8095-5bda47927226",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0373",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--ec60f1d2-2bb3-459d-8095-5bda47927226",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.247Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019",
          "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--fbc1faff-226a-4ea3-a08a-81b64066496d",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0534",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--fbc1faff-226a-4ea3-a08a-81b64066496d",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.267Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
          "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--fbe56c62-5123-4783-8e66-7457c8cf66a2",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S1019",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--fbe56c62-5123-4783-8e66-7457c8cf66a2",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.267Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "Accenture Lyceum Targets November 2021",
          "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/iran-based-lyceum-campaigns"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ClearSky Siamesekitten August 2021",
          "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/siamesekitten/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "enterprise:relationship--fc0433bf-560f-4b5f-879c-f87581d7f504",
      "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0377",
      "predicate": "uses",
      "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1568.002",
      "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK",
      "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
      "evidence_locator": "relationship--fc0433bf-560f-4b5f-879c-f87581d7f504",
      "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.267Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/"
        },
        {
          "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017",
          "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/"
        }
      ],
      "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.",
      "source_occurrences": 1
    }
  ],
  "source_snapshot": {
    "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
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    "bytes": 55271014,
    "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"
  },
  "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt",
  "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
}

License
-------
The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,
development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce
MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.

"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation."

Disclaimers
-----------
MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part
of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover
full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or
variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.

ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE
ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,
AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT
THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.