{"record":{"id":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","title":"Encrypted Channel","type":"Technique","source_url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","status":"active","rights":"Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads","review_status":"machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending","stix_id":"attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118","external_id":"T1573","domain":"enterprise","created":"2020-03-16T15:33:01.739Z","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:48.529Z","version":"1.2","aliases":[],"tactics":["command-and-control"],"source_references":[{"source_name":"SANS Decrypting SSL","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840"},{"source_name":"SEI SSL Inspection Risks","url":"https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html"},{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.1136"}]},"assertions":[{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0a47636e-8260-414d-aff7-7b1120778a51","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0662","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0a47636e-8260-414d-aff7-7b1120778a51","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:52.712Z","references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--0d6e04e8-8e4c-4ef6-ab6a-12ddb498e93a","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0498","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--0d6e04e8-8e4c-4ef6-ab6a-12ddb498e93a","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:52.823Z","references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--1532b910-6bf8-4622-a183-0bb7fd18c4ae","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1198","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--1532b910-6bf8-4622-a183-0bb7fd18c4ae","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:52.947Z","references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Troll Stealer 2024","url":"https://www.security.com/threat-intelligence/springtail-kimsuky-backdoor-espionage"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--1d182249-ed44-4e5b-877c-178760379015","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0631","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--1d182249-ed44-4e5b-877c-178760379015","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:53.137Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3089fe6b-36d6-4890-b70b-1a76f55c84ff","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0081","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3089fe6b-36d6-4890-b70b-1a76f55c84ff","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:53.374Z","references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--3c5b31ff-ba6a-47c0-adbe-ddd18845f684","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1046","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--3c5b31ff-ba6a-47c0-adbe-ddd18845f684","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:53.593Z","references":[{"source_name":"DHS CISA AA22-055A MuddyWater February 2022","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-055a"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--4fcc0674-fe6d-4977-9259-1832282a3997","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573.002","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--4fcc0674-fe6d-4977-9259-1832282a3997","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:53.719Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--665e5a7f-e575-44c7-839d-4c69f14238d2","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0059","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--665e5a7f-e575-44c7-839d-4c69f14238d2","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:54.052Z","references":[{"source_name":"DFIR Phosphorus November 2021","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2021/11/15/exchange-exploit-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--7340fcbe-e87b-4f16-bdac-e429a0ba7714","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1012","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--7340fcbe-e87b-4f16-bdac-e429a0ba7714","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:54.182Z","references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason PowerLess February 2022","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/research/powerless-trojan-iranian-apt-phosphorus-adds-new-powershell-backdoor-for-espionage"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--79192884-411c-490d-a28e-f923be7070e3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G1002","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--79192884-411c-490d-a28e-f923be7070e3","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:54.456Z","references":[{"source_name":"Forcepoint BITTER Pakistan Oct 2016","url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/blog/x-labs/bitter-targeted-attack-against-pakistan"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a53827f4-1b98-422e-b6fd-0504c3f05a73","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0035","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a53827f4-1b98-422e-b6fd-0504c3f05a73","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:54.575Z","references":[{"source_name":"Lumen KVBotnet 2023","url":"https://blog.lumen.com/routers-roasting-on-an-open-firewall-the-kv-botnet-investigation/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--a8981fca-0584-4e9e-8f92-83843e1e4462","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:G0016","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--a8981fca-0584-4e9e-8f92-83843e1e4462","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:54.645Z","references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hemlock"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--bccb7ac3-c374-445b-aad2-14991a8641e5","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573.001","predicate":"subtechnique-of","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--bccb7ac3-c374-445b-aad2-14991a8641e5","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:54.829Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c1b721af-9d2b-47a2-a712-3bff64628148","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1031","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c1b721af-9d2b-47a2-a712-3bff64628148","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:54.905Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--c77046c5-1ea2-4d3f-a19e-0ea7141d7e9c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0681","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--c77046c5-1ea2-4d3f-a19e-0ea7141d7e9c","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:55.020Z","references":[{"source_name":"BiZone Lizar May 2021","url":"https://bi-zone.medium.com/from-pentest-to-apt-attack-cybercriminal-group-fin7-disguises-its-malware-as-an-ethical-hackers-c23c9a75e319"},{"source_name":"Cocomazzi FIN7 Reboot","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/fin7-reboot-cybercrime-gang-enhances-ops-with-new-edr-bypasses-and-automated-attacks/"},{"source_name":"Threatpost Lizar May 2021","url":"https://threatpost.com/fin7-backdoor-ethical-hacking-tool/166194/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--cc2de45c-a1f3-4085-ac35-dffa8a86e9b3","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0032","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--cc2de45c-a1f3-4085-ac35-dffa8a86e9b3","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:55.213Z","references":[{"source_name":"Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--d62449f0-cecd-466f-b3e8-c6908f48cfaa","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:M1020","predicate":"mitigates","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--d62449f0-cecd-466f-b3e8-c6908f48cfaa","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:55.299Z","references":[],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--eb4c544b-2c30-4d61-aaee-13a7bf21a182","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:C0030","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--eb4c544b-2c30-4d61-aaee-13a7bf21a182","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:55.581Z","references":[{"source_name":"FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190202205824/https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--ee35c721-0b74-4811-8d41-507270d0b9c7","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0198","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--ee35c721-0b74-4811-8d41-507270d0b9c7","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:55.691Z","references":[{"source_name":"Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f04dbb1e-bf75-4eee-9222-374c704bc07b","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S1016","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f04dbb1e-bf75-4eee-9222-374c704bc07b","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:55.799Z","references":[{"source_name":"ESET DazzleSpy Jan 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/01/25/watering-hole-deploys-new-macos-malware-dazzlespy-asia/"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1},{"id":"enterprise:relationship--f18b11ea-4604-4c9e-8f12-6cfb526ef58c","subject":"ATTACK:enterprise:S0367","predicate":"uses","object":"ATTACK:enterprise:T1573","asserted_by":"MITRE ATT&CK","source_url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","snapshot":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","evidence_locator":"relationship--f18b11ea-4604-4c9e-8f12-6cfb526ef58c","modified":"2026-09-03T19:46:55.927Z","references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Emotet May 2017","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/deep-analysis-of-new-emotet-variant-part-1.html"}],"qualification":"Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.","source_occurrences":1}],"source_snapshot":{"file":"enterprise-attack-20.0.json","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json","sha256":"81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352","bytes":55271014,"checked_at":"2026-10-16T03:31:39Z"},"notices_url":"https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt","notices":"License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"}