Source assertions are not new attribution claims. No sole inventor or transitive actor-CVE inference. { "record": { "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "title": "Email Addresses", "type": "Subtechnique", "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "status": "active", "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads", "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending", "stix_id": "attack-pattern--69f897fd-12a9-4c89-ad6a-46d2f3c38262", "external_id": "T1589.002", "domain": "enterprise", "created": "2020-10-02T14:56:24.866Z", "modified": "2026-05-12T15:12:00.640Z", "version": "1.3", "aliases": [ ], "tactics": [ "reconnaissance" ], "source_references": [ { "source_name": "Azure Active Directory Reconnaisance", "url": "https://o365blog.com/post/just-looking/" }, { "source_name": "GitHub Office 365 User Enumeration", "url": "https://github.com/gremwell/o365enum" }, { "source_name": "GrimBlog UsernameEnum", "url": "https://grimhacker.com/2017/07/24/office365-activesync-username-enumeration/" }, { "source_name": "HackersArise Email", "url": "https://www.hackers-arise.com/email-scraping-and-maltego" }, { "source_name": "CNET Leaks", "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/" } ] }, "assertions": [ { "id": "enterprise:relationship--1c9ee6d6-b619-469f-8a61-d8514dc2ee31", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1031", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--1c9ee6d6-b619-469f-8a61-d8514dc2ee31", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:00.289Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Palo Alto Unit 42 OutSteel SaintBot February 2022 ", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ukraine-targeted-outsteel-saintbot/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--1d805346-82fa-4912-99e7-a8a5fc112f90", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1036", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--1d805346-82fa-4912-99e7-a8a5fc112f90", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:24.813Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Microsoft Moonstone Sleet 2024", "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/05/28/moonstone-sleet-emerges-as-new-north-korean-threat-actor-with-new-bag-of-tricks/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--297ca26b-2074-46ea-b81d-a0a5c6fe5ac0", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0127", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--297ca26b-2074-46ea-b81d-a0a5c6fe5ac0", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:10.064Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021", "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--4a6baa9b-c919-421b-8684-0ba7953bd8df", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:C0055", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--4a6baa9b-c919-421b-8684-0ba7953bd8df", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:34.000Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Medium 777-Botnet", "url": "https://gi7w0rm.medium.com/the-curious-case-of-the-7777-botnet-86e3464c3ffd" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--55fd3f18-99b6-4c95-a2f3-e28962d73a91", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1017", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--55fd3f18-99b6-4c95-a2f3-e28962d73a91", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:40.306Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "CISA AA24-038A PRC Critical Infrastructure February 2024", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/aa24-038a_csa_prc_state_sponsored_actors_compromise_us_critical_infrastructure_3.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--611ad683-7772-4592-bbd4-e5589591a76e", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:M1056", "predicate": "mitigates", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--611ad683-7772-4592-bbd4-e5589591a76e", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.057Z", "references": [ ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--6e740c5b-250c-4122-a095-4ca31718d861", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:C0037", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--6e740c5b-250c-4122-a095-4ca31718d861", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:23.399Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "TrendMicro Pikabot 2024", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/a/a-look-into-pikabot-spam-wave-campaign.html" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--7104b56f-06ef-4888-ab9b-fac77fea3097", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0032", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--7104b56f-06ef-4888-ab9b-fac77fea3097", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:46.835Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021", "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--76bef74f-4820-4838-b56e-b59ae71ac170", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0125", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--76bef74f-4820-4838-b56e-b59ae71ac170", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:44.431Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021", "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--76ecca4d-15ba-4285-baa9-1cf03799dbeb", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0059", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--76ecca4d-15ba-4285-baa9-1cf03799dbeb", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:28.647Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Google Iran Threats October 2021", "url": "https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/countering-threats-iran/" }, { "source_name": "Proofpoint TA453 July2021", "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/operation-spoofedscholars-conversation-ta453" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--87661f05-f448-49be-afa8-d8198a1c0092", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0122", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--87661f05-f448-49be-afa8-d8198a1c0092", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:48:09.245Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--9801b87a-29e0-4252-81e6-50bbc32d1940", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0094", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--9801b87a-29e0-4252-81e6-50bbc32d1940", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:25.236Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021", "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/" }, { "source_name": "Proofpoint TA427 April 2024", "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/social-engineering-dmarc-abuse-ta427s-art-information-gathering" }, { "source_name": "Mandiant APT43 March 2024", "url": "https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/apt43-report-en.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--a43dfdcf-380a-43ae-877f-891a01ed1c53", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:S0677", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--a43dfdcf-380a-43ae-877f-891a01ed1c53", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.148Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "AADInternals Documentation", "url": "https://o365blog.com/aadinternals" }, { "source_name": "Azure AD Recon", "url": "https://o365blog.com/post/just-looking" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--a57d19ce-7a9a-4be5-ae59-a0b331bcc03a", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1001", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--a57d19ce-7a9a-4be5-ae59-a0b331bcc03a", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:51.853Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "ClearSky Siamesekitten August 2021", "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/siamesekitten/" }, { "source_name": "SecureWorks August 2019", "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lyceum-takes-center-stage-in-middle-east-campaign" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--c2b48ab4-6a4f-4252-a40c-7f870276b5a7", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1004", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--c2b48ab4-6a4f-4252-a40c-7f870276b5a7", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:49.498Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "MSTIC DEV-0537 Mar 2022", "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/03/22/dev-0537-criminal-actor-targeting-organizations-for-data-exfiltration-and-destruction/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--ca38e574-09b1-4fc3-beb1-2af04189c05d", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "predicate": "subtechnique-of", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--ca38e574-09b1-4fc3-beb1-2af04189c05d", "modified": "2026-04-29T14:23:06.201Z", "references": [ ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--cbf49a08-de8a-483a-9732-230f9cc93002", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G1011", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--cbf49a08-de8a-483a-9732-230f9cc93002", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:38.945Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Google EXOTIC LILY March 2022", "url": "https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/exposing-initial-access-broker-ties-conti/" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--dcb3ae1c-c1a5-4a28-b206-40f8387804ac", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0050", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--dcb3ae1c-c1a5-4a28-b206-40f8387804ac", "modified": "2026-07-31T18:47:45.710Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021", "url": "https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Click-and-Bait_Vietnamese-Human-Rights-Defenders-Targeted-with-Spyware-Attacks.pdf" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 }, { "id": "enterprise:relationship--f425ddf8-fc3b-41d5-ba2e-66291ba16329", "subject": "ATTACK:enterprise:G0034", "predicate": "uses", "object": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1589.002", "asserted_by": "MITRE ATT&CK", "source_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "evidence_locator": "relationship--f425ddf8-fc3b-41d5-ba2e-66291ba16329", "modified": "2026-07-31T20:48:33.393Z", "references": [ { "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download" } ], "qualification": "Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.", "source_occurrences": 1 } ], "source_snapshot": { "file": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre-attack/attack-stix-data/c2494b29dd268c46a5d0ea0990553e4327cd2253/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack-20.0.json", "sha256": "81113ba98afa2928f3dcff62022539f7ce30c315c32e14422f11ff95ce534352", "bytes": 55271014, "checked_at": "2026-10-16T03:31:39Z" }, "notices_url": "https://aol.pm/source-notices.txt", "notices": "License\n-------\nThe MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research,\ndevelopment, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce\nMITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy.\n\n\"© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.\"\n\nDisclaimers\n-----------\nMITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part\nof its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover\nfull categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or\nvariations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK.\n\nALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE\nORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,\nAGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT\nTHE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n" } License ------- The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use ATT&CK® for research, development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy. "© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation." Disclaimers ----------- MITRE does not claim ATT&CK enumerates all possibilities for the types of actions and behaviors documented as part of its adversary model and framework of techniques. Using the information contained within ATT&CK to address or cover full categories of techniques will not guarantee full defensive coverage as there may be undisclosed techniques or variations on existing techniques not documented by ATT&CK. ALL DOCUMENTS AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE MITRE CORPORATION, ITS BOARD OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION THEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.