External Defacement
Subtechnique · ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.002
Attributed source ↗ · Plaintext record · Complete record and assertions JSON
Inspect structured metadata and provenance
{
"id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.002",
"title": "External Defacement",
"type": "Subtechnique",
"source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002",
"snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
"status": "active",
"rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
"review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
"stix_id": "attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3",
"external_id": "T1491.002",
"domain": "enterprise",
"created": "2020-02-20T14:34:08.496Z",
"modified": "2025-10-24T17:48:23.460Z",
"version": "1.2",
"aliases": [
],
"tactics": [
"impact"
],
"source_references": [
{
"source_name": "Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site",
"url": "https://torrentfreak.com/anonymous-hackers-deface-russian-govt-site-to-protest-web-blocking-nsfw-180512/"
},
{
"source_name": "FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210719110553/https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/ib-entertainment.pdf"
},
{
"source_name": "Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence",
"url": "https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-kmandia-033017.pdf"
},
{
"source_name": "Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement",
"url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-a-deep-dive-into-defacement.pdf"
}
]
}Explicit source assertions (4)
First 80 shown here; the complete set is in this record’s JSON and plaintext. Each relationship retains its source and locator. No inferred relationships are added.
ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.002 → subtechnique-of → ATTACK:enterprise:T1491
MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.
Assertion source · Locator: relationship--09254382-c7cd-4340-97c2-d8ecda757e59
ATTACK:enterprise:G1003 → uses → ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.002
MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.
Assertion source · Locator: relationship--73fe8b0c-2d4f-422f-b244-72f7e991cdd5
Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actorATTACK:enterprise:G0034 → uses → ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.002
MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.
Assertion source · Locator: relationship--9fd468a1-e0ef-4371-b7fd-93f81900f069
US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020 · UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020ATTACK:enterprise:M1053 → mitigates → ATTACK:enterprise:T1491.002
MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.
Assertion source · Locator: relationship--f2fd105e-f481-486a-97b6-d5ef3324a787
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