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Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates

Technique · ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

Attributed source ↗ · Plaintext record · Complete record and assertions JSON

Inspect structured metadata and provenance

{
  "id": "ATTACK:enterprise:T1649",
  "title": "Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates",
  "type": "Technique",
  "source_url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1649",
  "snapshot": "enterprise-attack-20.0.json",
  "status": "active",
  "rights": "Source metadata only; source notices retained; no operational prose or payloads",
  "review_status": "machine-extracted; source-specific checks passed, editorial review pending",
  "stix_id": "attack-pattern--7de1f7ac-5d0c-4c9c-8873-627202205331",
  "external_id": "T1649",
  "domain": "enterprise",
  "created": "2022-08-03T03:20:58.955Z",
  "modified": "2026-08-04T20:30:54.961Z",
  "version": "1.2",
  "aliases": [

  ],
  "tactics": [
    "credential-access"
  ],
  "source_references": [
    {
      "source_name": "GitHub GhostPack Certificates",
      "url": "https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDPAPI#certificates"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "Microsoft AD CS Overview",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh831740(v=ws.11)"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "Medium Certified Pre Owned",
      "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "SpecterOps Certified Pre Owned",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220818094600/https://specterops.io/assets/resources/Certified_Pre-Owned.pdf"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "O365 Blog Azure AD Device IDs",
      "url": "https://o365blog.com/post/deviceidentity/"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "GitHub CertStealer",
      "url": "https://github.com/TheWover/CertStealer"
    },
    {
      "source_name": "APT29 Deep Look at Credential Roaming",
      "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/apt29-windows-credential-roaming"
    }
  ]
}

Explicit source assertions (9)

First 80 shown here; the complete set is in this record’s JSON and plaintext. Each relationship retains its source and locator. No inferred relationships are added.

ATTACK:enterprise:S0677 → uses → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--234867ce-57bb-41c6-beb5-af9cc00e1a39

AADInternals Documentation

ATTACK:enterprise:G1059 → uses → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--2ed9bf1f-0fd9-4e11-b510-dbf3f7312385

Mandiant_UNC1549TTPsTools_Nov2025

ATTACK:enterprise:M1015 → mitigates → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--35228466-b834-474f-8657-a3492a3579b6

SpecterOps Certified Pre Owned

ATTACK:enterprise:M1042 → mitigates → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--3881a82b-37fa-4e91-a411-a0f2b4410749

SpecterOps Certified Pre Owned

ATTACK:enterprise:S9043 → uses → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--87096c2d-3bf1-41e7-8fd2-34f0860ac02e

Hunt.io TeamPCP Toolkit MAY 2026

ATTACK:enterprise:M1041 → mitigates → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--98b6508c-5f00-4c06-a906-4fd7ce74bc62

SpecterOps Certified Pre Owned

ATTACK:enterprise:G0016 → uses → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--ca1a0b5b-f07e-4017-8d9e-da784a75dc37

Mandiant APT29 Trello

ATTACK:enterprise:M1047 → mitigates → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--d3a4a83f-fac1-4e28-b1e8-183aabffaa34

GitHub PSPKIAudit · GitHub Certify · SpecterOps Certified Pre Owned

ATTACK:enterprise:S0002 → uses → ATTACK:enterprise:T1649

MITRE ATT&CK: Source assertion; no new actor identity, alias equivalence, CVE exploitation or causal inference. Procedure prose omitted.

Assertion source · Locator: relationship--ed48d88f-840e-4653-84df-7181afc6dfd3

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